基于保育式生物防治的城市绿地蜜粉源植物群落构建基础研究

保育式生物防治通过改善天敌生存、繁衍、栖息和觅食等生态环境措施来提高自然界中天敌的控害效果。蜜粉源植物是指有目的的引入生态系统中的能够为有害生物天敌提供花粉或花蜜等食物资源，并诱集天敌取食的植物。合理配置蜜粉源植物于目标害虫周围，能够显著提高天敌昆虫的控害能力和效果，促进生态系统平衡，是保育式生物防治的有效措施。本项目以北京城市绿地为研究对象，系统研究蜜粉源植物对天敌昆虫的诱集效应，在揭示城市绿地有害生物及其天敌发生规律、天敌昆虫对蜜粉源植物的选择规律以及蜜粉源植物配置对有害生物及其天敌影响规律的基础上，对蜜粉源植物进行分类与分级，提出适用于保育式生物防治的蜜粉源植物种类和配置比例，建立和提出基于保育式生物防治的蜜粉源植物群落构建模型与方法，为安全的绿地虫害管理和科学的植物景观设计提供新思路，实现城市环境中人与自然和谐共生和城市生态环境的可持续发展。

Conservation biological control improves the pest control effect of natural enemies in nature by improving the ecological environment such as survival, reproduction, habitat and foraging. The insectary plants are the plants that have an aim to introduce food resources such as pollen or nectar for the natural enemies of pests and attract natural predators. Rational allocation of insectary plants around the target pests can significantly improve the ability and effect of pest control, promote ecological balance and belongs to conservation biological control. Taking urban green space of Beijing as the research object, this project will discusses the attracting effect of the insectary plants. The occurrence rule of pests and their natural enemies in urban open space, selection rule of natural enemies of insectary plants and plants configuration on the influence law of pests and their natural enemies will be studied. And on the basis, this project will classify the insectary plants, propose the appropriate proportion of plant configuration, and put forward insectary plants community construction model and method based on biological control. The performance will provide new thought for pest control and scientific plant landscape design of urban open space, promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and also help to achieve the sustainable development of urban ecological environment.