用于动态硫化热塑性弹性体的Janus粒子增容剂的设计制备及机理研究

丁基橡胶/尼龙（IIR/PA）、硅橡胶/尼龙（SiR/PA）和硅橡胶/热塑性聚氨酯（SiR/TPU）等动态硫化热塑性弹性体（TPV），由于具有优异的耐油性、耐热性、耐磨性等特性，吸引了人们的广泛关注。由于非极性橡胶和极性塑料之间相容性较差，发展新型增容技术解决二者的相容性是制备具有精细相态结构高性能TPV的前提。本项目基于已经量产的雪人状Janus粒子，分别利用巯基-烯烃和叠氮-炔烃的点击反应，将具有不同长度和极性的聚合物链段引入到Janus粒子的两面，并以其为增容剂，研究其对IIR/PA，SiR/PA，SiR/TPU等不相容共混体系的增容效果，揭示了Janus粒子增容剂的增容效果与其结构参数之间的关系，阐明增容机理，并研究上述增容效果对动态硫化IIR/PA、SiR/PA和SiR/TPU热塑性弹性体的相态结构的影响，调控以获得精细相态结构的TPV材料。

Thermoplastic elastomers prepared by dynamic vulcanization (TPV) of non-polar rubber and polar plastics, such as isobutylene-isoprene rubber / nylon (IIR/PA), silicon rubber / nylon (SiR/PA), silicon rubber / thermoplastic polyurethane (SiR/TPU), are suitable for the applications of innerliner of tire treads, automotive and oil pipeline, and wearable device due to their excellent gas barrier properties, oil and heat resistance, comfortable body touch and good wear resistance. However, as the poor compatibility between non-polar rubber and polar plastic, the development of new compatibilization method is necessary to prepare TPV with small phase size and high performance. In this project, we modified the snowman-like Janus particles with PA, PU, SiR, and IIR polymer chains of different lengths and polarities via thiol-alkene and azido-alkyne click reactions, then used the obtained Janus particles as compatibilizers to study their compatibilizing effects on incompatible composite of IIR/PA, SiR/PA, and SiR/TPU. The relationship between the compatibilizing effect of Janus particle compatibilizers and the structural parameters such as the length, polarity, and grafting density of the polymer brushes on the surface of the Janus particles was also investigated, and then the compatibilizing mechanism of Janus particles on polymer incompatible composites was clarified. Moreover, the effect of the compatibilizing effect on the phase structure of IIR/PA, SiR/PA, and SiR/TPU TPV materials was also studied to prepare TPV materials with small phase size and high performance.