中国西南地区鹅膏属鞘托鹅膏组的物种多样性及其演化研究

鹅膏属鞘托鹅膏组真菌能与多种植物形成外生菌根共生关系，具有重要的生态价值。我国该组物种繁丰，全国约73%的物种分布于西南地区。该区丰富的物种多样性可能与青藏高原的几次大规模隆升和横断山脉形成密切相关。在前期研究中，由于所采用的基因片段信息位点有限，且较少关注菌托的显微结构特征，该组下各分支间的系统发育关系不明，我国特别是西南地区的物种多样性认识不足。本项目拟在全国进行广泛采样的基础上，采用浅层基因组测序方法，深度解析鞘托鹅膏组各分支间系统发育关系，利用“形态-分子-生态标准”，强调菌托显微特征，对我国特别是西南地区该组的物种进行精准界定和多样化历史进行研究，探讨其多样化形成与青藏高原隆升和横断山脉形成的关系。本项目对认识我国西南该组的物种起源、演化及扩散过程具有重要科学意义，对该组真菌新资源的开发和利用具有重要现实意义。

Mushrooms of Amanita sect. Vaginatae can form ectomycohrrizal symbioses with various tree species, and are of important ecological value. Species in this section are abundant but difficult to identify, about 73% of the Chinese species are distributed in southwestern China, and the speciation may drive by the uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the formation of Hengduan Mt. Due to the limited gene fragments used and less attention to the structure of volva in many previous studies, the relationships of the species within the section remain unclear, and its species diversity in southwestern China is unsettled. With samples of A. sect. Vaginatae gathered by our team and specimens loaned from domestic and foreign herbaria, this project intends to: 1) construct a deep resolved phylogenetic tree by selecting single-copy orthologous genes through genome skimming; 2) realize accurate species delimitation of China, especially for those in southwestern China, based on "morphological-molecular-ecological criteria" with emphasis on the structure of volva; 3) study the history of species diversification in southwestern China of this section, to elucidate the connection between species diversity and the uplifts of the QTP and the formation of Hengduan Mt. This project is of significant importance in understanding the biodiversity, origin, speciation and diffusion process of this section in southwestern China. Furthermore, this research has important application value in the utilization and protection of mushroom resources.