课题基金 / 基金详情

2,4-D纳米抗体特异性动态识别与结合的分子机制研究

批准号:
32102246
项目类别:
青年科学基金项目(C类)
资助金额:
30.0 万元
负责人:
霍静倩
依托单位:
学科分类:
植物化学保护
结题年份:
2024
批准年份:
2021
项目状态:
已结题
项目参与者:
霍静倩

项目摘要

结项摘要

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中文摘要
纳米抗体是酶联免疫技术的研究热点和发展趋势,但靶向改造纳米抗体,以期进一步提高其灵敏性和特异性,是其在农药检测分析领域发展的瓶颈,该瓶颈背后的核心科学问题是纳米抗体特异性动态识别与结合农药的分子机制不明晰。2,4-D是广泛应用的高效除草剂,由于其漂移药害及对非靶标生物构成的危害,构建其高效检测分析方法具有重要意义。申请人前期已获得2,4-D纳米抗体,但基质效应成为制约其对环境样品中痕量2,4-D高效快速检测的主要因素。本项目通过计算机分子动力学模拟、共结晶复合物结构解析、基因定点突变并结合酶联免疫分析和表面等离子共振等技术获得并鉴定纳米抗体特异性动态识别与结合2,4-D的关键氨基酸位点,在此基础上对明确的关键氨基酸位点进行饱和突变,筛选并获得灵敏性和特异性更高的纳米抗体。本项目不仅为克服基质效应问题,提高2,4-D纳米抗体的应用范围奠定基础,也为其他农药纳米抗体的靶向结构改造提供重要参考。
英文摘要
Nanobodies are the research hotspot and development trend of enzyme-linked immunoassay technology, but targeted modification of nanobodies in order to further improve their sensitivity and specificity is the bottleneck of their development in the field of pesticide detection and analysis. The core scientific problem behind this bottleneck is that the molecular mechanism by which nanobodies specifically recognize and bind pesticides is not clear. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a widely used high-efficiency herbicide. Due to its drifting phytotoxicity and harm to non-target organisms, it is of great significance to construct its high-efficiency detection and analysis method. The applicant has obtained 2,4-D nanobody in the early stage, but the matrix effect has become the main factor restricting its efficient and rapid detection of trace 2,4-D in environmental samples. This project will obtain and identify the key amino acids sites that the nanobody specifically dynamically recognizes and binds to 2,4-D through the use of computer molecular dynamics simulation, co-crystal complex structure analysis, gene-directed mutation, combined with enzyme-linked immunoassay and surface plasmon resonance. On this basis, the specific key amino acid sites are performed saturation mutations to screen and obtain nanobodies with higher sensitivity and specificity. This project not only lays the foundation for overcoming the matrix effect problem and increasing the application range of 2,4-D nanobodies, but also provides an important reference for the targeted structural modification of other pesticide nanobodies.
项目前期获得了能够识别2,4-D的纳米抗体,但受环境中复杂基质的影响,纳米抗体的灵敏性和特异性还需进一步提高。本项目利用计算机辅助技术,基于已获得的2,4-D纳米抗体的氨基酸序列,通过同源模建及分子对接技术,明确了纳米抗体特异性识别与结合2,4-D过程中起关键作用的5个氨基酸位点,分别是Phe 37、Cys 50、Tyr 59、Ser 102和Gln 105。其中,Ser 102和Gln 105与2,4-D之间相互作用力为氢键,Tyr 59、Phe 37和Cys 50与2,4-D之间相互作用力为疏水作用。通过对比氨基酸序列发现,2,4-D与纳米抗体的结合主要发生在CDR2和CDR3区所形成的口袋中。利用基因定点突变技术及构建随机突变库的方法,经丙氨酸扫描突变,构建了2,4-D纳米抗体突变文库,获得一株突变型纳米抗体105-Cys。间接竞争ELISA试验结果表明,突变型纳米抗体105-Cys的IC50为23.98 ng/mL,相比于野生型纳米抗体(IC50=29.2 ng/mL),其亲和力有所提高。基于上述得到的纳米抗体突变株与胶体金纳米颗粒结合,构建了一种现场快速检测2,4-D残留的免疫分析方法。所制备的胶体金免疫层析试纸条最低检测限为70 ng/mL,可用于现场快速检测2,4-D残留。在突变型纳米抗体105-Cys的基础上采用单因素实验分别从质粒和感受态两方面构建不同的表达载体筛选更优的2,4-D纳米抗体表达菌株,并进一步从诱导剂(异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖吡喃糖苷)浓度、诱导温度、诱导时间三个方面确定2,4-D纳米抗体表达的最优条件,最终提高了纳米抗体的表达量。同时开发了一种基于花状纳米金和优化后的2,4-D纳米抗体的免疫层析检测方法,为扩大2,4-D纳米抗体的应用范围奠定了基础。研究结果对纳米抗体的靶向结构改造和构建2,4-D快速即时的酶联免疫分析方法具有重要意义。本项目在Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Science of The Total Environment, Biosensors (Basel)等国际期刊上发表SCI论文6篇;申请中国发明专利2项。
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