液泡膜质子泵调控植物胚囊发育的机制

胚囊是被子植物的雌配子体，是实现受精并产生后代的重要器官，胚囊发育异常影响种子发育和作物产量，胚囊发育的调控机制是前沿科学问题并具有潜在应用价值。已报道拟南芥中转录因子、关键蛋白、表观调控因子等不同类型的基因参与胚囊发育调控，但调控胚囊发育的细胞学机制研究尚少。经典文献提出，胚囊中细胞的液泡形态和分布影响胚囊中细胞核位移和细胞分化，但具体机制尚未厘清。申请人前期工作发现，同时缺失两类液泡膜质子泵导致胚囊中各细胞的液泡形态严重异常，胚囊发育停滞，细胞核降解；并且激素信号参与液泡膜质子泵对胚囊发育的调控。本项目将在前期工作基础上，运用遗传学、细胞生物学、分子生物学、生物化学、单细胞组学等方法深入研究液泡膜质子泵调控胚囊发育的分子和细胞学机制。本项目的成功实施将揭示胚囊发育调控的新机制、建立液泡膜质子泵与已知胚囊发育调控因子的互作网络，对阐明胚囊发育调控机制这一重大生物学问题具有重要意义。

Embryo sac is the female gametophyte of angiosperm, which is the important organ for fertilization and zygote development. The abnormality of embryo sac affects seed development and crop yield. The regulatory mechanism of embryo sac development is an essential question in plant biology, and also contributes to crop yield. Current studies illustrated that transcription factors, key proteins, epigenetic factors, etc. functioned in embryo sac development. However, other regulators and mechanisms are less studied. Only a few publications reported that several organelle-related proteins were involved in embryo sac development. Previous research demonstrated that the biogenesis, morphology, and distribution of vacuole in embryo sac affected nuclear migration and cell identity, but the detailed mechanism remained unclear. Our previous work illustrated that lacking both two types of tonoplast proton pumps lead to severe defects in embryo sac development. The morphology of vacuoles was severe abnormal and embryo sac development was arrested. And hormones were involved in tonoplast proton pumps regulation of embryo sac development. Based on previous studies, we plan to further investigate the functions and regulatory mechanisms of tonoplast proton pumps in regulating embryo sac development, and the crosstalk between tonoplast proton pumps and reported regulators. Our results would be much helpful to discover new regulatory mechanism of embryo sac development, and contribute to expand the knowledge of the regulatory network of embryo sac development.