基于A/O生物脱氮系统微生物群落结构与功能解析的N2O逸散机制研究

废水生物处理过程被认为是温室气体N2O的重要来源。本立项采用现场实时长期监测和实验室模拟相结合的方法，系统深入开展城市污水A/O生物脱氮系统N2O时空排放规律的研究，探讨影响N2O生成及释放的关键影响因素。在此基础上，利用Miseq高通量测序和实时荧光定量PCR技术，研究生物脱氮系统中的微生物群落结构、多样性与动态性，识别系统内部与N2O生成密切相关的功能菌群，建立功能菌群动态与工艺运行参数之间的相互关系，从微生物学角度解释工艺运行参数与水质和环境因子是如何通过改变微生物群落的结构及功能来影响N2O的生成和释放的作用机制。对A/O生物脱氮工艺N2O逸散机制及时空分布规律的研究，对于优化生物脱氮工艺的设计和运行，减少N2O排放，促进污水处理行业的可持续发展具有重要的实践及社会意义。

The wastewater treatment system is a well-know source of the greenhouse gas N2O. Combining full-scale on-site long-term monitoring and lab-scale simulation, the temporal and spatial changes of the N2O emitted from a municipal A/O biological nitrogen removal system are investigated and the key factors influencing the formation and emission of N2O are discussed. Furthermore, the microbial structure, biodiversity and dynamics are studied to identify the functional populations closely related to the N2O formation by applying Miseq high-throughput sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantification PCR technique. The interaction between the microbial functional populations’ dynamics and the operational conditions are studied to explain how the variations of process operational parameters, water quality and environmental factors affect the formation and emission of N2O through the changes on microbial population structure and function from the microbial perspective. Studies on the formation mechanisms of N2O in A/O biological nitrogen removal system and its temporal and spatial distribution properties will provide guidance for the optimization of the biological nitrogen removal processes and the N2O reduction, which had great practical and social significance to the sustainable development of the wastewater treatment field.