能量密度低及倍率性能是制约超级电容器发展的瓶颈问题之一。本项目从提高电极材料比容量和促进离子快速传递出发，通过NH4HSO4酸处理、SiO2模板镶嵌及剥离/氧化等技术，制备空洞结构氧化物纳米层（如MnO2和V2O5）和石墨烯纳米层，阐明氧化物纳米层空洞化化学机制；采用絮凝聚沉-冷冻干燥及自支撑层组装等手段，制备纳米层空洞化率、组装方式和组分含量可控空洞结构纳米电极材料，开发高能量密度和大倍率超级电容器用电极材料制备新技术；通过交流阻抗等技术，阐明空洞结构对电极离子传输及材料比能量的影响规律，为设计结构与性能可控空洞结构电极材料提供依据；通过层板化学掺杂、电极质量优化及电容器组装等手段，研究空洞结构材料对实际电容器能量密度和功率密度的影响，期待实现双电层和赝电容双重存储机制的同时发挥，解决超级电容器电极材料大功率下比能量密度低等突出问题。研究将促进无机材料化学和储能材料等领域的进步。

Low energy density and rate capability is one of the bottleneck problems for the development of supercapacitor. In order to improve the specific capacitance of supercapacitor electrode, and simutanelusly promote the ion transport in the interior of electrode materials, the basic building blocks of manganese oxide and graphene nanosheets with hole structure on their 2D basal planes will be prepared by a sereis of controlled methods including acid treatment with NH4HSO4, SiO2 template mosaic and the delamination/oxidation of the oxide precursors, and also the chemical hole mechanism of these nanosheets will be investigated. With these hole nanosheets as buidling blocks, the hole-structured electrode materials will be designed and fabricated by using both a flocculated-freezing drying technology and a free-standing nanosheet assembling technology on the basis of controlling the hollowing rate, the assembly methods and component content, and a new fabricating technology for the electrode materials with large power and high energy density will be developed. By systematically investigating the electrocapacitive performance of the composite electrodes with cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the relationship between structure and capacity of the prepared electrode materials will be demonstrated and the influence of the hole structure on the ion transport and the specific energy of the electrode materials will also be researched. In addition, based on the chemical doping, mass ratio optimization and the assembling supercapacitor, the role of the hole structure in improving the performance of the assembled supercapacitor will be investigated. It is anticipated that the hole structure not only provide channels for fast ion transport, but also maximize the utilization of both electrichemical double layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance. The research results might open opportunity for resolving the key issue of the current supercapacitors that are characterized by their low energy desity. This study will promote the advance of inorganic material chemistry, energy storage materials and the other fields.