冷阴极发射稳定性差是限制场发射微波管实际应用的最重要因素。本项目创新性地提出一种有望实现电子稳定发射的单晶六硼化镧场发射阵列阴极(LaB6-FEA)。研究内容包括：(1)揭示纳秒脉冲电化学腐蚀对单晶LaB6的作用机理和形貌调控机制，不同晶面LaB6-FEA腐蚀速率与电化学腐蚀参数的关系。(2)基于阴极在大发射电流下带来的Nottingham效应和焦耳热效应，计算LaB6尖端温度与发射体结构参量、物理特性、发射性能之间的定量关系，并研究强电场下的场蒸发物理过程，为进一步调控LaB6-FEA尖端均匀性提供理论指导。(3)掌握气体吸附、离子溅射和大电流密度工作对单晶LaB6-FEA发射表面物理参数、微观结构和宏观发射性能的影响，揭示该阴极在微波管使用环境下实现稳定电子发射的机理。项目具有创新性和实用价值。

Poor emitting stability of cold cathode is the most important factor limiting the practical application of microwave tube. This project proposes an innovative single-crystal lanthanum hexaboride field emission array (LaB6-FEA) that is expected to achieve stable electron emission. The study includes: (1) Reveals principle and morphology regulatory mechanism of nanosecond pulsed electrochemical etching on single crystal LaB6, and relations between LaB6-FEA corrosion rate of different crystal faces and electrochemical corrosion parameters. (2) Based Nottingham effect and Joule heating caused by large emitting current, calculate the quantitative relationship among emitter tip temperature, structural parameters, physical characteristics and emission performance. The field evaporation process under the strong electric field is also researched, providing a theoretical guidance to further regulation of LaB6-FEA tip uniformity. (3) The effects of gas adsorption, ion sputtering and large current density on physical parameters, microstructure and emitting performance are analyzed, revealing the stable emission mechanism of LaB6-FEA operating in microwave tube operating conditions. This project has innovative and practical value.