超临界CO2中羊毛纤维分散活性染料染色三元作用机制研究

利用超临界CO2进行纤维染色全过程无水，染料和CO2可循环使用，具有零排放无污染的优势，在聚酯染色上已经展现了明显的产业化前景。与聚酯纤维相比，羊毛鳞片层的屏蔽和纤维直径变异与毛尖效应显著增加了染料上染和匀染难度；羊毛染色用高极性染料在超临界CO2中的难溶性使得纤维染料上染率和染色牢度的提升一直是瓶颈难题。阐明超临界CO2、羊毛、染料三元体系作用机制，是实现羊毛纤维超临界CO2无水染色的科学关键。本课题拟利用前期研究的改性分散活性染料进行羊毛超临界CO2染色；通过搭建的原位红外/拉曼光谱在线监测系统，研究超临界CO2不同场态下羊毛纤维表界面与结构性能演变规律；明晰超临界CO2染色过程中染料溶解、聚集、分散等行为状态；构建羊毛纤维溶胀-结构演变-染色性能关联体系；在分子水平揭示CO2、羊毛、染料间的相互作用机制，从而为羊毛纤维超临界CO2染色研究提供新思路和理论依据。

Supercritical CO2 dyeing for fibers presents the characteristics of water-free dyeing and recyclability of dyes and CO2, which presents the advantages of zero discharge and non-pollution, and has displayed an obvious industrial prospect in polyethylene terephthalate dyeing. Compared to polyester fiber, the difficulty of dyeing and leveling for wool increases significantly due to the shielding of wool scale layer, fiber diameter variation and tip effect. The insolubility of high polar dyes makes the dye-uptake and colorfastness of wool fibers become a bottleneck in supercritical CO2. Therefore, elucidating the ternary mechanism of supercritical CO2, wool and dyes is the scientific key to achieve supercritical CO2 anhydrous dyeing of wool fibers. In this work, a modified disperse reactive dye in our previous work was used to dye wool in supercritical CO2. Evolution rules of surface interface and structural properties of wool fibers were investigated by employing a built in-situ Infrared / Raman spectroscopy monitoring system under different field conditions of supercritical CO2. Behavior states of dissolution, aggregation and dispersion for dyes were determined in supercritical CO2. The correlation systems of fiber’s swelling behavior, structural evolution and dyeing performance were established. Interaction mechanism of CO2, wool and dyes was revealed at a molecular level, which will provide a new research idea and theoretical basis for the study of wool fibers dyeing in supercritical CO2.