作为研究原子晶体的高度放大了的模型体系，胶体悬浮粒子体系相变形成的胶体晶体的研究受到广泛重视，其弹性、粘性等性质也受到国际上的关注。目前对于胶体晶体体系正应力下的弹性研究由于利用重力作用，而难以研究不同应力下的弹性特性；而粘度的研究基本都通过施加剪切来进行，无法在不干扰体系相变的情况下进行实时、原位测量，从而难以深入认识粘性变化的本质原因。本申请针对这些问题，创新性提出采用动态光散射方法在不施加外部干扰的条件下实时地研究体系结晶过程中的粘度，以及通过改变外加电场强度研究其弹性性质。并利用物理力学的研究思路，从粒子间相互作用和体系内部结构的微尺度出发，通过改变体积分数、粒子性质等调节稳态结构、亚稳态—稳态转变等关键参数或条件，研究体系弹性、粘性与粒子间相互作用、内部结构之间的联系，深入认识胶体晶体弹性性能和粘性变化的规律和微观机制。这对于胶体晶体的生长过程、结构和性能的调控都有重要意义。

The researches on colloidal crystal have attracted great attention since it is considered as a useful model system for studying the atomic crystal. And the viscosity and elasticity of colloidal crystals are also studied by many scientists. The current study on elasticity of colloidal crystals under normal stress is utilizing the gravitational force. Therefore it is difficult to study the elasticity under normal stress at different ranges. And the viscosity of colloidal crystal is often studied by applying shear force. However, the shear force may affect the internal structure of the system, so that it is impossible to make a real-time and in situ measurement without disturbing the phase transition of the system. Aiming at these problems, we present a dynamic light scattering method to study the system’s viscosity in real time without external interferences in this proposal, and also propose to study the elasticity by using electrical fields which can be easily adjusted. Moreover, based on the idea of physical mechanics, the mechanism of viscosity variation, elasticity properties and their dependence on particle-particle interactions and the internal structure of the system can be studied from the view at microscale. The research in this project may be of great importance for efficiently controlling the growing process, the structure and mechanical properties of colloidal crystal.