控制大豆株高主效位点Ph1的定位克隆与功能研究

株高是大豆株型的重要组成因子，与抗倒伏性、光合效率等性状密切相关，同时也决定种植密度进而影响产量，因此发掘参与调控大豆株高的基因对于株型建成的基础研究和高产品种培育的应用研究都具有重要意义。前期工作中利用株高差异显著的大豆杂交形成的三个重组自交系群体进行遗传分析，鉴定出这三个群体中株高性状是由同一个主效位点Ph1控制并将该位点初步定位在物理距离为3.6Mb的区间。本项目计划在前期工作的基础上，利用这些群体所衍生的次级群体在初定位区间内通过加密标记完成精细定位；结合候选基因的序列和表达分析定位克隆参与调控大豆株高的主效基因GmPh1并研究基因的功能，从而为解析大豆株高形成的遗传机制奠定理论基础；同时，通过鉴定大豆种质资源中不同的等位基因，开发功能标记并明确标记的鉴定效率，进而对所克隆的基因进行育种价值评估，为大豆分子标记辅助的株型选择和高产育种提供指导。

Plant height is an important factor influencing plant architecture in soybean. It has close relationship with lodging, photosynthetic efficiency and yield by determining the planting density. Therefore, discovery genes involved in regulating plant height is very important not only for basic research of plant architecture morphogenesis, but also for applied research of high-yield breeding program in soybean. Previous research of this project has focused on genetic analysis of three recombined inbreed lines (RILs). The results showed that the same major locus Ph1, located in a region of 3.6 Mb, controlled the height trait in all these three populations. The aim of this project was fine-mapping of the Ph1 locus using residual heterozygous lines and secondary mapping population. GmPh1 gene will be cloned by combining sequence and expression analysis of candidate genes located in the fine mapping region. The function of GmPh1 will also be studied by genetic transformation, expression analysis, and other methods. The results of these studies will play a basis for molecular mechanisms of plant height morphogenesis in soybean. Meanwhile, different alleles of gene related to plant height will also be identified and the applied value of genes will be evaluated by molecular marker development and selection efficiency identification. The results of these studies will provide guidance for architecture selection and high-yield breeding by molecular marker assistant selection.