激光与电弧协同调控缆式焊丝GMAW熔滴过渡行为及机理研究

缆式焊丝GMAW是一种大电流、高效低耗的新型焊接方法，但存在热输入大难以满足高强钢焊接要求，尤其小电流时熔滴过大、过渡不稳定，影响焊缝成形和焊接质量。本项目拟采用激光瞬时高密度能量照射熔滴目标位置，与电弧协同控制熔滴过渡行为，实现低电流稳定、可控的细颗粒过渡。通过试验和理论分析相结合的方法，研究激光与熔滴的交互作用行为，掌握熔滴形成、长大和脱离焊丝的动力学机制，构建能量—多力协同调控熔滴过渡行为的耦合模型；利用多信息融合系统获得熔滴过渡动态演变过程，分析熔滴受热、受力变化和熔滴过渡稳定平衡机制，实现熔滴过渡精确协同调控；研究电弧形态、熔滴过渡和熔池流动行为特征，阐明多参数与熔滴之间热、力行为耦合机制；建立“激光与焊接规范参数—熔滴过渡行为—熔池流动—焊接质量”的相关性，揭示激光与电弧协同调控缆式焊丝GMAW熔滴过渡行为机理，为新型高效低耗、优质和精细化的高强钢焊接提供技术基础和理论依据。

Cable-type welding wire (CWW) gas metal arc welding is an innovative process arc welding with high quality, high efficiency and low consumption. However, it is difficult to meet the requirements of high strength steel welding with large heat input. And the droplet is too large and the metal transfer is unstable when using the small current, it will affects the weld forming and welding quality. This project intends to use instantaneous high density energy to irradiate the target position of droplet, and with the arc coordinated control the metal transfer behavior, to achieve a stable and controllable metal transfer at low current. Through the combination of experiment and theoretical analysis, the interaction behavior between laser and droplet is studied to master the dynamic mechanism of droplet formation, growth and off-wire, and constructing a coupling model of energy-multiple force coordinated control of metal transfer behavior. The dynamic evolution process of metal transfer is obtained by using multi-information acquisition system, the mechanism of droplet heat, force change and metal transfer stability will be analyzed to realize precise coordinated control of metal transfer. The coupling mechanism among multi-parameter, droplet thermal and force will be expound according to the characteristics of arc shape, metal transfer behavior and melting pool flow behavior. The correlation between laser and welding parameters-metal transfer behavior-melting pool flow-welding quality will be established. And the mechanism of metal transfer behavior of laser and arc force coordinated control of CWW GMAW will be revealed, which can provide technical and theoretical basis for the new high efficiency and low consumption, high quality, and refined high strength steel welding.