纳米花颗粒改性水润滑轴承材料的高阻尼低摩擦性能调控

水润滑高分子尾轴承是航空母舰、舰艇和水下航行器等推进轴系的重要支撑部件，其在低速重载工况下辐射的摩擦噪声严重影响舰艇、水下航行器的隐蔽性能和生存能力。研制高阻尼低摩擦的新型水润滑尾轴承复合材料是降低摩擦噪声的关键。本项目以聚氨酯材料为研究对象，采用氧化锌（ZnO）纳米花和二硫化钼（MoS2）纳米花对其改性，研究ZnO和MoS2纳米花的结构及其组分对改性聚氨酯材料微观界面的粘-滑行为和摩擦振动噪声行为的影响规律；阐述纳米花与聚氨酯分子间的能量耗散以及减摩机理，揭示ZnO与MoS2纳米花低摩减振的协同作用机制，确定通过调控ZnO和MoS2纳米花的结构及表面修饰官能团使复合材料保持高阻尼与低摩擦性能的组分匹配体系；采用数值计算与实况模拟实验验证新型材料组分匹配体系并对其进行修正，最终制备新型高阻尼、低摩擦水润滑聚氨酯基尾轴承。旨在提升舰艇和水下航行器等海军装备推进系统的静音水平和隐蔽性能。

Water-lubricated stern tube bearings are the important supporting parts of the propulsion systems of aircraft carriers, ships and underwater vehicles. Their frictional noise, which generates under the low velocity or heavy load conditions, severely threats the survivability and concealment performances of the navy equipment. Developing a new type of high damping and low friction water-lubricated bearing composite material is the key for decreasing or avoiding the frictional noise. This study choose the ZnO and MoS2 nanoflower particles to modify the polyurethane material. Firstly, the influences of the nanoflower particles structures and their contents on the stick-slip behaviors and frictional vibration noise at the micro interfaces of modified polyurethane materials will be investigated. Then, the energy dissipation and friction reduction mechanisms between the nanoflower particles and polyurethane molecules will be studied to reveal the synergistic mechanisms of ZnO and MoS2 nanoflowers on the friction and vibration reduction effects. Thirdly, the nanoflower particles structures and surface modification functional groups will be regulated and controlled to obtain the their content ratios that lead the modified polyurethane materials to keep a high damping and low friction. Finally, the tribology behaviors and frictional vibration noise of the modified polyurethane materials will be examined by dynamic simulation and actual environment simulation experiments, and its recipe will be optimized, then a new type of high damping and low friction water-lubricated polyurethane composite stern tube bearing is developed to decrease or avoid the frictional noise and increase the mute level and survivability of naval equipment’s propulsion systems.