枇杷为典型的配子体型自交不亲和性植物，品种繁多且自交不亲和强度各异，是其生产栽培需要解决的难题之一，配植不同S基因型的授粉树，和开发自交亲和品种是解决这一难题的两条有效途径，而鉴定各品种的S基因型和阐明自交（不）亲和强度差异的分子机制是其实施的瓶颈所在。因此，在前期研究工作的基础上，本项目拟开展各品种自交（不）亲和强度的差异鉴定和S基因型鉴定，从花柱S-RNase和花粉SFB基因的变异、或异常表达，花粉的'竞争作用'，和无功能基因的累积四个方面全面系统的对枇杷的自交（不）亲和强度差异的分子机制进行研究，同时关注花柱S-RNase基因和花粉SFB基因的交互作用和遗传特性，以明确各主栽品种的S基因型，阐明枇杷自交（不）亲和强度差异的分子基础和S基因遗传特性，为深入认识枇杷自交（不）亲和变异的分子机制，及遗传育种和生产栽培授粉树的选择提供科学依据。

The cultivars are various in loquat（Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.）, which has the intensity difference of gametophytic self-incompatibility that is a key problem in cultivation. They are the effective approaches to resolve the problem that planting with pollination tree according to the different S-genotype and breeding the self-compatibility cultivars. However, This is the main bottleneck of the plan that identification of S-genotype and clarification of molecular mechanism of the intensity difference of self-incompatibility. Therefore, on the basis of prophase research work, it is carried out that identification of S-genotype and the intensity difference of self-incompatibility. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of the intensity difference of self-incompatibility is systematically researched from four aspects, including mutations and abnormal expression of S-RNase and SFB gene, competition effect of pollen, and accumulation of non-functional gene. Simultaneously, it is noticed that the hereditary character and interaction of S-RNase and SFB gene on the basis of identification of S-genotype. The purpose of this study is to reveal the S-genotype of the cultivars, and to reveal the hereditary character and the molecular basis of the intensity difference of gametophytic self-incompatibility, which can not only contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanism of the mutation of self-incompatibility in loquat, but also contribute to a better scientific basis for genetic breeding and the choice of pollination tree in cultivation.