新疆海岛棉新海16体细胞胚发生体系的优化

海岛棉是新疆重要的农业经济作物。目前高效体细胞胚体系的建立困难严重地制约着新疆海岛棉分子育种进程。本研究拟围绕新疆海岛棉新海16体细胞胚发生体系的改良为中心，针对该体系存在的非胚性向胚性细胞诱导周期长且效果差、体细胞胚发育不均一且畸形率高等问题，分别以基础培养基成分、激素种类、培养方式、培养条件等为出发点，进行胚性细胞的诱导、体细胞胚的生成和细胞发育均一化方面的改良；同时，借助化学诱导剂型启动子驱动海岛棉WUS/WOX(GbWUS/WOX)基因家族成员的表达或抑制表达的方法在海岛棉中精准控制GbWUS/WOX基因的表达，从而改变海岛棉基因型以提高胚性细胞的生成和正常体细胞胚的发生频率。本研究的实施有助于新疆海岛棉高效体细胞胚发生体系的建立和分子机制的阐明，为海岛棉分子育种提供技术平台和理论基础。

Gossypium barbadense, as Xinjiang important economic crop, faces with the challenge of cotton strain improvement. However, how to make an efficient somatic embryogenesis system is one of the bottlenecks in Xinjiang G. barbadense molecular breeding. For the problem of somatic embryogenesis system of Xinjiang G.barbadense XH 16 shown as followings: (1) the transfer process of non-embryonic-cells into embryonic cell is long and difficult, (2) the somatic embryo development is not uniform and malformation rate is high, this project intends to optimize embryogenic callus induction, somatic embryo formation, and cell homogenization from the basic medium compsition, hormone types, cultivating ways, and physical growth conditions as starting points respectively. Meanwhile, we would accurately control the expression of GbWUS/WOX family genes in G.barbadense cells to alter its genotype, further promote embryogenic-cell formation and normal somatic embryogenesis in XH16. The implementation of the project contributes to establishment of G.barbadense somatic embryogenesis system and elucidation of its molecular mechanism, and provides the theoretical and appllicational foundation for molecular breeding of G.barbadense in Xinjiang .