由超冷原子或超冷分子组成的量子气体是当前物理学研究的一个重要分支。量子气体研究的一个主要方向是对复杂的物理系统进行量子模拟。量子气体实验技术的发展一方面为量子模拟提供了一个广阔的平台，同时也要求在理论上设计出针对更多复杂系统的模拟方案。基于这种需要，本项目拟在理论上研究并实现利用囚禁在二维光学超晶格中的偶极量子气体对二维Ising自旋模型进行量子模拟的方案。利用空间贋自旋映射，本方案将诱导出等效的三角晶格Ising自旋模型，并通过调节晶格中超冷原子（分子）的填充数实现对单纯的Ising自旋模型和（自旋+空穴）复合模型的量子模拟。这一方案能够实现实验上可行的对二维自旋系统的量子模拟，并研究相关系统中的多种自旋现象。利用本项目设计的等效模型可以实现对二维磁畴和自旋极化子的量子模拟，这些自旋现象目前尚没有有效的量子模拟方案，因而本项目的研究可以拓展基于量子气体的量子模拟的范畴。

Quantum gases, composed of ultra-cold atoms or molecules, have become an important field of modern physics, which promise quantum simulations of various complicate physical systems. The highly developed experimental techniques of manipulating quantum gases allow and more importantly, urge more flexible simulation proposals. Upon such request, this project aims at a new strategy for simulating the triangular Ising spin lattice by quantum gases confined in a two-dimensional optical superlattice. Based on the pseudo-spin mapping, the new strategy can realize effective models of a pure spin lattice as well as mixed systems composed of spins and vacancies. These models allow simulating various fundamental spin effects, such as two-dimensional magnetic domains as well as spin polaritons, which can hardly be realized in the existing proposals. Given that, this project will broaden the scope of quantum simulations based on quantum gases.