贫困自我延续的发生机制与干预措施的实验研究——基于神经、认知与行为相互关联的视角

今年是我国全面建成小康社会的收官之年，也是脱贫攻坚战的达标之年。防止脱贫人口返贫，巩固脱贫攻坚成果，是我们面临的重要课题。2019年诺贝尔经济学奖授予“在减轻全球贫困方面的实验性做法”，标志着贫困研究两方面的变化：一是采用实验方法设计干预措施；二是从微观层面出发，关注贫困人口在行为、心理、神经结构上的特征，从而表明贫穷是一种自我延续的循环。然而，已有文献对贫困自我延续发生机制的研究还不够深入；少有多种研究方法结合的系统研究；对贫困自我延续发生机制的研究，因果关系要比相关关系重要得多，但已有研究大多只证明了贫困与个体之间的相关性；缺乏立足个体神经、心理与行为层面的干预措施研究。基于现实问题的重大需要及现有研究的进展与不足，本项目拟利用行为经济学、经济心理学、神经科学与计算机仿真等多学科的实验方法，以“神经结构—心理认知—行为决策”相互关联的研究视角，系统探究贫困自我延续的发生机制与干预措施。

This year is the year when China will build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and it will also be a year for reaching the standard in the fight against poverty. Preventing people from getting out of poverty from returning to poverty and consolidating the results of poverty alleviation are important issues we face. The 2019 Nobel Prize in Economics awards “for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”, marking changes in two aspects of poverty research: one is to use experimental methods to design interventions on poverty; the other is to focus more on the poor from the micro level, the behavioral, psychological and neurological characteristics of the poor, indicating that poverty may be a self-persistence cycle. However, there were not enough studies on the mechanism of poverty self-persistence in the existing literature; there were few systematic studies combining various research methods on this problem; the causal research on the mechanism of poverty self-persistence is much more important than the correlation, but most of the existing studies only prove the correlation between poverty and individuals; there is a lack of research on intervention measures based on individual brain structure, psychological and behavioral levels. Based on the major needs of practical problems and the progress and deficiencies of existing research, this project intends to use experimental methods in the fields of behavioral economics, economic psychology, neuroscience and computer simulation to study the interrelationship between “brain-cognition-behavior” in poverty, and systematically explore the mechanism and intervention measures of poverty self-persistence.