穴盘育苗纤维加筋增强机理及顶松-夹取组合式高速低损取苗方法

针对适于壮苗生长的穴盘育苗无法满足自动移栽要求和高速取苗损伤大问题，本项目以典型的番茄穴盘苗为对象，研究不同农业废弃物纤维材料作育苗基质填充料对育苗品质特性、苗钵内部结构强度、夹取损伤的影响，探索适合自动高速取苗移栽又兼顾育苗质量的穴盘育苗纤维加筋增强机理；通过对穴盘苗钵脱附规律和苗钵低损冲顶气流场特性研究，解析基于气流冲击的苗钵低损松动机理；以现有取苗机构为原型，创新设计气流顶松-机械夹取式高速低损取苗机构，研究气流冲击的柔性脱附作用与机械刚性夹取作用之间的动态协作机制，提出边松脱边夹取的高速低损取苗方法，为创制具有自主知识产权的穴盘苗自动高速低损取苗机构奠定基础。本项目旨在解决我国自动高速移栽机发展的育苗质量和夹取损伤问题，又可对植物纤维性农业废弃物的资源化综合利用方式进行有益的探讨。

At present, plug seedlings produced according to agronomy standards are not suitable for automatic transplanting. Damages of root lumps of plug seedling happen all the time in high-speed extracting. In terms of these issues, vegetable plug seedlings of tomato are used as the research objects in the project. Agricultural waste fiber materials would be mixed with existing substrates to produce plug seedlings. It is to investigate effects on seedling quality, structure strength of root lump and picking damage. After that, the strengthening mechanism of fiber reinforced root lumps of plug seedlings is established, which is suitable for automatic high-speed transplanting and healthy plug seedlings produced. Based on the study of desorption rules and non-destructive airflow fields of plug seedling, the low-damage loosing mechanism with airflow ejecting was analyzed. Using owned devices as the prototype, a loosening-grasping combined seedling pick-up device of high speed and low damage is designed by innovation. Later, the loosening-grasping collaboration mechanism between airflow ejecting and mechanical grasping would be studied. The pick-up method of high speed and low damage is proposed as plug seedlings are picked up along with loosening. By studying, it will be to break through the bottleneck of the core technology for automatic high-speed transplanter in China. This project aims to solve the problems of seedling quality and picking damage in the development of the automatic high-speed transplanting machine in China. And it is also to discuss the beneficial and comprehensive utilization of plant fibrous agricultural wastes.