基于“电荷吸附”原理的病原体核酸快速富集及一体化检测新方法研究

随着新型冠状病毒疫情的全球爆发及流行，病原体引起的感染性疾病再次成为公众关注的焦点。核酸检测作为新冠病毒感染确诊依据，在病例确诊、疗效评价、患者治愈等过程中发挥了重要作用。由于病原体的高传染性、样品来源的多样性和疫情防控的紧迫性，传统的核酸检测方法已难以满足病原体全封闭、一体化、快速检测需求。如何突破现有的核酸检测方法，构建病原体检测的整体解决方案成为学术界共同关注的科学问题。本项目针对呼吸道病原体一体化快速检测的难题，利用核酸天然带负电荷的特性，重点研究高分子阳离子聚合物选择性结合核酸的机制及过程，建立基于“电荷吸附”原理的病原体核酸快速高效富集新方法。同时，结合微流控芯片技术，构建一体化微流控卡盒芯片系统，将核酸提取，原位PCR扩增、产物检测与分析等过程进行集成，实现呼吸道病原体的全封闭、准确、快速检测。研究成果对提升我国在应对病原生物感染性疾病传播、诊断和控制的能力方面具有重要意义。

With the worldwide outbreak and prevalent of COVID-19, the infectious diseases caused by pathogens have once more become the focus of public attention.Due to the high infectivity of pathogens, the diversity of sample and the urgency of situation, the traditional nucleic acid detection method has been difficult to meet the needs of pathogen closure, integration and rapid detection. How to break through the existing nucleic acid detection methods and build the overall solution of pathogen detection has become a common scientific problem in the academic community. In order to solve the problem of integrated rapid detection of respiratory pathogens, this project focuses on the mechanism and process of selective binding of high molecular cationic polymers to nucleic acids, and establishes a new method of rapid and efficient enrichment of pathogen nucleic acids based on the principle of "electrostatic adsorption". At the same time, combined with microfluidic, an integrated chip system is constructed to integrate the process of nucleic acid extraction, in situ PCR amplification, product detection and analysis. So as to achieve the complete closure, accuracy and rapid detection of respiratory pathogens.amplification, product detection and analysis. The research result has great significance to improve the ability of transmission, diagnosis and control of infectious diseases for our country.