普通野生稻和栽培稻扇型植硅体形态特征研究

在稻作农业起源和传播的研究中，水稻扇型植硅体对于发现、鉴定水稻遗存起到了重要的作用。但由于野生稻和栽培稻扇型植硅体的区分存在不确定性，限制了扇型植硅体在早期稻作研究中的应用。为了得出鉴定水稻扇型植硅体的判别函数，本研究以分布于中国长江流域中部的东乡普通野生稻和栽培稻为例，通过分析不同叶位、不同生育期与不同生长环境下稻叶植硅体形态特征，揭示不同生育时期与不同叶位的普通野生稻和栽培稻扇型植硅体形态与纹饰变化规律；探讨生态环境变化对野生稻和栽培稻扇型植硅体形态特征的影响；建立普通野生稻和栽培稻扇型植硅体形态变化函数和定量化鱼鳞状纹饰，为稻作农业起源植硅体的分析提供判别依据。

Fan-shaped phytolith plays an important role on discovering and identifying rice remains in the study of origin and spreading of rice agriculture. However, the uncertainty in the distinction of fan-shaped phytolith wild rice and cultivated rice limited the use of fan-shaped phytolith in the past studies. In this research, Dongxiang wild rice（O.rufipogon）in middle reaches of the yangtze river was taken as a study example. The morphological features of rice fan-shaped phytolith from different leave position, growth stage and environment were analyzed. The differences of wild rice and cultivated rice fan-shaped phytolith decoration from different growth stage, leave position were compared. And the impact of eco-environment on the variation of wild rice and cultivated rice fan-shaped phytolith decoration was discussed. Followed, the scaly-like decorations on the fan-shaped phytolith were quantified, and wild rice and cultivated rice fan-shaped phytolith varying function was established. The discriminat foundation of rice archaeology based on phytolith analysis was developed finally by this work.