恩克斯堡岛南湾过去几千年企鹅栖息地变迁及其影响因素

企鹅是南极的典型生物，对气候环境变化尤为敏感。恩克斯堡岛位于南极罗斯海，是阿德利企鹅的重要巢区，也是我国联合韩国、意大利等国提议设立的南极特别保护区所在地。此外，当地的企鹅栖息地在过去7000年来持续存在，在罗斯海企鹅生态演化史中有着极其特殊的地位。恩克斯堡岛海景湾区是目前主要的企鹅栖息地，南湾地区仅有少量企鹅聚居，但在不同海拔高度上分布有大面积的废弃企鹅巢，表明企鹅栖息地的分布在历史时期发生过大幅变化。本项目计划利用申请人在第34、36次南极考察期间在恩克斯堡岛不同海拔高度采集的企鹅粪土沉积剖面，对该岛南湾地区不同企鹅巢区的建立与废弃时间进行重建，分析过去几千年来企鹅栖息地的变迁过程，并参考当地海平面以及气候重建资料，探讨栖息地变迁的影响因素。本项目的开展将为预测未来气候变化下企鹅对栖息地的选择提供理论基础，并为企鹅保护区的规划和政策制定提供科学依据。

Penguins are typical wildlife of Antarctica, and are sensitive to the changes in climate and environment. Inexpressible Island, located in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica, is an important breeding site for Adélie penguins. It is also the seat of a new proposed ASPA (Antarctic Specially Protected Area) by China in conjunction with Italy and South Korea. In addition, the breeding site of Inexpressible Island has a continuous occupation for the last 7,000 years, which is particularly unique in the penguin eco-history of the Ross Sea region. Currently the Seaview Bay is the major breeding site in Inexpressible Island, whereas only a small number of penguins breed in South Bay. However, abandoned penguin colonies are distributed on a various of elevations of South Bay, indicating significant movements of colonies during the history of penguin occupation. In this study, we plan to analyze ornithogenic sediment cores collected at different altitudes during the 34th and 36th CHINARE to obtain the time of establish and abandonment of each colony area, and reconstruct the movement of penguin colonies during the past millennia. Referring to the previous records of the relative sea level and climate changes, we intend to discuss the driving factors for the colony movements. This study will provide new data for the habitat selection under the future global changes and help with the designation of penguin reserves.