云室多角度散射探测及云滴谱反演

云微物理特性和云微物理过程不仅影响云的辐射和气候效应，也影响降水等天气过程，相关的观测研究和模式模拟一直都是云物理学和气候研究中的热点与难点。环境大气中云微物理过程的观测研究具有极大挑战性，而云室则提供了难得的实验环境。建立避免对云室运行造成干扰的探测方法，可靠获取关键参数，是基于云室开展云微物理过程研究的探测需求和未来发展方向。. 本项目计划基于电荷耦合器件（CCD）和激光研制一套能在不影响云室运行环境和云粒子状态的情况下测量云粒子多角度散射的探测系统，获取云粒子散射（相）函数，并建立云滴谱反演算法。目前，在研究云微物理过程的云室实验中尚不存在这样的探测方法和反演算法。本项目的研究工作提供的探测方法和由此获得的云参数，将有助于增进对云的微物理过程及其辐射和气候效应的认识，有助于改进模式中对云的描述及参数化，为提升天气预报和气候预测的准确性提供有力支持。

Cloud microphysical properties and cloud microphysical processes do not only influence radiative and climatic effects of cloud, but also synoptic processes such as precipitation. Related observational studies and model simulations have long been a hotspot and a knotty problem in cloud physics and climate research. It is a huge challenge to study cloud microphysical processes in the ambient atmosphere. However, cloud chamber provides valuable experimental environments to investigate such scientific issues. To establish detection methods without interfering with the operation of cloud chamber and to reliably obtain critical cloud parameters is the future direction for investigating cloud microphysical processes using cloud chamber.. This project intends to develop a detection system to measure multi-angle scattering of cloud particles (cloud droplets and ice crystals) using charge-coupled device (CCD) and laser, without interfering with the operation of cloud chamber and affecting the status of cloud particles. Scattering (phase) function of cloud particles will be obtained, and size distribution of cloud droplets will be retrieved. Currently, there are no such detection method and retrieval algorithm for cloud chamber experiments regarding cloud microphysical processes. The method provided by this project and thus obtained cloud parameters will hopefully improve our understanding on cloud microphysical processes and cloud radiative and climatic impacts, as well as improve the description and parameterization of clouds in models. This will support the efforts on increasing the accuracy of weather forecasts and climate prediction.