苹果虽雌雄同花却自花授粉不能结实，自交亲和性的资源非常稀少。对此，生产上多采用配置授粉树通过虫媒传粉或人工授粉以获得果实。这种做法会增加生产成本和管理难度。因此，要彻底解决这一问题，需要挖掘和创制自交亲和性品种资源。本课题组多年从事苹果自交亲和性特异资源的评价与研究，目前已筛选出4个自交亲和性特异资源。本研究拟在此基础上，深入挖掘控制自交亲和性的基因，即以筛选的自交亲和性资源为试材，首先克隆苹果S基因座上的花柱S-RNase和花粉SFB/SLF基因，与相同S等位基因的自交不亲和性材料比较编码区、启动子区和翻译后修饰等，获得S因子变异位点；其次利用后代自交亲和与不亲和极端性状混池基因组重测序结合转录组高通量测序，寻找S基因座以外的非S因子变异位点；最后根据不同变异情况设计不同策略研究候选基因或元件的性质和功能。项目将率先阐明苹果自交亲和性分子机制，为创制自交亲和性品种提供基因储备和理论指导。

Apple generally exhibits self-incompatibility even though it is hermaphroditic, and self-compatible resources are very rare. Based on this situation, pollination tree is needed to plant for biotic-pollination or handpollination in order to guarantee the yield. However, this increases producing costs and difficulties for management. Therefore, self-compatible resources are needed to solve this problem. Our group has been studying on special self-compatible resources for many years. To date, we have evaluated apple resources and obtained 4 apple self-compatible cultivars. For S factor variation, we are going to mine self-compatible genes based on these 4 apple self-compatible cultivars and determine the molecular mechanism of self-compatibility. First, we will clone S-RNase or SLF/SFB from a self-compatible apple which is on the S-locus, and then compare their gene sequences, expression profiles and promoter sequences with those from a self-incompatible cultivar which has the same S-genotype. For non-S factor variation, we will use Bulk Segregant DNA-seq and Bulked Segregant RNA-Seq to excavate candidate genes controlling self-compatibility. Finally, we will design different strategies to verify the gene functions for different types of candidate genes. This study will on one handdetermine the mechanism of self-compatibility,on the other hand provide gene resources and theoretical guidance for creating self-compatible apple cultivars.