旅游干扰对喀纳斯景区草地生态系统功能的多尺度影响

喀纳斯是我国唯一的古北界欧洲-西伯利亚区系动植物分布区，拥有草地-泰加林-高山湖泊镶嵌的独特自然景观，现已成为全国闻名的旅游胜地。草地作为喀纳斯景区的地带性植被，其拥有极大的经济、生态和美学价值，同时也是图瓦人草原文化的载体。但由于近年来旅游活动的急剧增加，以及伴随的当地农牧民参与旅游开发的增加，使得景区草地受损严重，草地生态系统维持的生态和生产功能受到了极大影响。本项目以喀纳斯景区草地为研究对象，采用空间序列对比、地理空间分析、多尺度格局分析和草地景观美学价值评定，以包括植物多样性空间分布格局、季相格局、组成结构、生产力及其美学价值在内的草地生态和生产功能对旅游干扰的时空动态响应为纽带，探讨旅游干扰对草地生态系统功能的多尺度影响，揭示以植物多样性为物质载体的景区草地旅游干扰体系的形成机制，为促进喀纳斯景区生物多样性保护和旅游业的可持续发展提供科学依据。

The Kanas Scenic Area is the unique distribution region of animal fauna and plant flora from European and Siberian. There is the particularly natural scenery of grassland-Taiga forest-alpine lakes mosaics. Now there is the famous tourist destination. The grassland ecosystem is the main ecosystem in Kanas Scenic Area. It has the tremendous values of economy, ecology and aesthetics. Meanwhile, it is the carrier of Tuva grassland culture. In recent years, the grassland ecosystem had seriously degraded with the increasing of tourism activities and devolopment including local residents in Kanas Scenic Area. The productive and ecological functions of the grassland ecosystem were influenced by these tourism disturbances. The study object is the grassland ecosystem in Kanas Scenic Area. The study methods are the comparison of spatial sequence, the analysis of geographic information and multiscale patterns, the evaluation of aesthetic values of the grassland scenery. The impacts of tourism disturbance on the values of economy, ecology and aesthetics were investigated by analyzing the dynamic responses of the distribution patterns of plant diversity, the patterns of seasonal aspect, community structure, productivity and the aesthetic values of the grassland scenery. The formation mechanism of the tourism disturbance system is revealed by the evaluation system based on plant diversity. The study provides the scientific foundation of the sustainable development of tourism and biodiversity conservation in Kanas Scenic Area.