铁硫氧化细菌与硫化矿物作用的关键基质分子及其机理研究

微生物与硫化矿物的相互作用研究是地质微生物科学与生物冶金技术领域关注的热点，尽管前人发现胞外多聚物/生物膜在微生物与矿物作用中具有重要意义，但目前有关其中关键基质分子作用的认识却明显不足。本项目聚焦“关键基质分子在菌矿界面的分布和含量、重要功能作用、及其对硫化矿物氧化分解的影响”三个科学问题进行研究。首先应用EFM、AFM和CSLM等表面分析手段检测重要基质分子的含量以及在菌/矿界面的分布，然后采用交换柱、质谱和XAFS等方法提取和分析界面胞外多聚物/生物膜的成分与功能，验证界面检测结果和发现新的基质分子；最后结合XRD、XPS和XAFS等物化技术通过缺失或增加重要基质分子对胞外多聚物/生物膜的破坏或加强，探讨微生物浸溶作用行为的改变和矿物表面与溶解中间产物的变化及生成情况。本项目研究结果将进一步揭示细菌对黄铜矿的氧化分解作用机制，对深入了解微生物与硫化矿物相互作用的机理具有重要的意义。

The study on the interaction between microorganisms and sulfide minerals is a hot spot in the field of Microbial Science and Biotechnology. Some research suggested that extracellular polymer or biofilm plays an important role in microbial and mineral effect, but the specific mechanism of the key matrix molecules is unclear. This project focuses on three key problems, including the distribution and content of the key matrix molecules at the interface of the bacteria and minerals, their important functions and their effects on the oxidative decomposition of sulfide minerals. EFM, AFM and CSLM used to analysis to detect the distribution and content of effectual matrix molecules on the bacteria and mineral interface. By the method of exchange column and mass spectrometry, the components of the extracellular polymeric substances or biofilm would be extracted and functional analyzed. By means of XRD, XPS and XAFS and other physical and chemical technology, we could investigate destruction of extracellular polymeric or biofilm via regulating the deletion or increase of matrix molecules. Through the above methods, we could explore microbial dissolving behavior change of mineral surface and generation of dissolved intermediate product. The results of this project would reveal the mechanism of bacterial oxidation of chalcopyrite, and be of important scientific value to deeply understand the mechanism of the interaction between microorganisms and sulfide minerals.