调水调沙对黄河冲淡水扩展及陆源物质输运的影响

调水调沙是为缓解黄河水沙不平衡关系而采取的一项工程措施，短期内将大量淡水、泥沙和营养盐等注入渤海，对渤海的水文及生态环境造成了重要影响。以往的研究主要关注了调水调沙对黄河冲淡水扩展及邻近海域营养盐分布的影响，但对其中的动力机制尚未形成系统性认识。本项目拟通过分析多次调水调沙期间黄河口附近海域的现场水文观测资料，归纳总结黄河冲淡水随河流流量突变的扩展规律，并结合渤海的高分辨率数值模型深入研究其中的动力学过程和机制；在模式中将调水调沙带入的陆源物质视为保守物质，模拟研究陆源物质跨河口锋面输运的动力过程，及其在莱州湾及渤海中部等海域的传输路径和输运通量；最后通过一系列数值实验研究调水调沙对渤海海峡水交换和物质交换的影响。本项目的实施将为以陆海统筹理念综合治理和保护渤海的生态环境提供理论基础。

Water-Sediment Regulation (WSR) is a project to alleviate the unbalanced relationship between water and sedimentation in the Yellow River (YR). Large amount of freshwater, sediment and nutrient are injected into the Bohai Sea during the WSR, which has important influences on the hydrodynamic and ecological environment in the Bohai Sea. Previous studies focused on the influence of WSR on the YR plume and the distribution of nutrient in the adjacent sea, which lacks a general understanding on the response dynamics. We plan to achieve the general law on the features of YR plume with the sudden change of river discharge through the analysis of observational data around the YR mouth and adjacent area collected during the time of WSRs. Then the dynamic process and mechanism will be examined by a high-resolution numerical model in the Bohai Sea. The terrestrial material brought by the WSR is treated as conservative material in the model. Its transport process across the salinity front, and the transmission route and flux in Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai Sea will be studied with the model. The influence of WSR on the water and material exchanges between Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea will be examined through a series of numerical experiments. The implement of this project will provide a fundamental reference for managing and protecting the ecological environment in the Bohai Sea with the coordinated land and sea concept.