基于载体吸附的亚硝化-Anammox工艺城市污水脱氮性能优化与N2O减排机制研究

城市污水低能耗、稳定高效脱氮是污水处理领域的研究热点。亚硝化-Anammox生物脱氮工艺在节能降耗方面优势明显，但城市污水的低氨氮浓度限制了该工艺的脱氮效率。向亚硝化-Anammox系统中添加氨氮吸附材料沸石用作生物膜载体，通过生物膜载体氨氮吸附和生物再生作用，可实现城市污水的低能耗脱氮，但存在脱氮效率不高、N2O排放量大等问题。本项目以添加氨氮吸附载体的亚硝化-Anammox反应装置为对象，通过氨氮吸附载体优选、膜生长与生物再生效果关系分析，成功启动具有低能耗、稳定高效脱氮能力的反应器；通过工艺脱氮性能优化与N2O减排关键影响因素分析，力求在实现亚硝化-Anammox工艺城市污水低能耗、稳定高效脱氮的基础上显著削减N2O排放，结合功能微生物特性、N2O产生机理及物化吸附-生物再生协同脱氮作用机制解析，制定出可实现低能耗、低碳排放、稳定高效脱氮的PN-Anammox工艺运行调控策略。

The low energy consumption, stable and efficient nitrogen removal of urban sewage is the research hotspot of wastewater treatment. The partial nitrification (PN) -Anammox process owns obvious advantages in terms of energy saving, however its nitrogen removal efficiency is lowered by the low ammonia concentration in urban sewage. Adding zeolite to the PN-Anammox reactor as the biofilm carrier can realize a stable and low energy consumption nitrogen removal through ammonia adsorption and microbial bio-regeneration of the biofilm carrier. Nevertheless, some problems as low nitrogen removal efficiency and high emission of greenhouse gas N2O still exist. This study takes the PN-Anammox reactors added with ammonia adsorption materials as the research object, optimizes the ammonia adsorption materials and analyzes the relationship between biofilm growth and microbial bio-regeneration, in order to successfully start a reactor with low energy consumption, stable and high nitrogen removal capacity. And then, this study strengthens the nitrogen removal efficiency and determines the key factors influencing N2O reduction, in order to fulfill a significant reduction of N2O emission as well as a low energy consumption, stable and efficient nitrogen removal of urban sewage. At last, this study explores the characteristics of functional microorganisms, N2O generation mechanism, and the synergistic reactions exist between physicochemical adsorption and bio-regeneration process of nitrogen removal, so as to produce an operation control strategy of PN-Anammox process with low energy consumption, low carbon footprint, stable and efficient nitrogen removal of urban sewage.