具有高度多态性的KIR基因家簇，在移植免疫、肿瘤免疫和机体抗感染中均发挥重要作用，但迄今国际上尚无KIR同步测序分型技术及商品化测序试剂盒，不能鉴定精细的KIR等位基因组合型。在HLA-C、KIR与肝移植急性排斥的关联研究中，由于病例资料来源、种族背景、移植适应症类型以及HLA、KIR分型方法的不同，得到的结果存在较大的差异并难以重复。本项目研究和建立全部的14个功能性KIR框架基因的测序分型技术，采用前期工作中已获专利授权的HLA测序技术，以源于同一移植中心、供/受者均为南方汉族、肝移植后成活1年以上的良性终末期肝病和恶性原发性肝癌的成人原位肝移植病例为研究对象，在高分辨水平的基础上探讨KIR、HLA-C与肝移植急性排斥的易感/保护性影响因素及作用机制；通过分组对照比较以及NK细胞杀伤功能实验，建立"供者HLA-C-受者KIR基因组合型"精细相容谱，为开展个性化免疫抑制治疗提供理论依据。

The highly polymorphic killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) gene cluster play a important role in tranplant immunoity, tumor immunoity and the resistance of infection. However, the simultaneously sequencing-based typing (SBT) assay for KIR frame genes and the commerical KIRs SBT kit were not available in the worldwide by now. The present widely used PCR-SSP assay for identification the presence or absence of KIR frame genes can not be used in the determination of high-resolution KIR gene profile. Based on the published documents, the outcomes of HLA-C-KIR polymorphisms associated with acute rejection (AR) in liver transplantation differed remarkably due to the multiple sources of donor-recipient pair and also different ethnic background of the study group. The techniques and reagents used in HLA and KIR genotyping also differed. In order to explore a novel approach to promote long-term graft and patient survival by modulation of HLA-C and KIR interactions, the adult orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) receipts of southern Hans survived more than one year after transplantation were included in this study, all were transplanted at a single liver transplantation center. According to the indication of liver transplantion, these receipts were divided into two groups: termed primary carcinoma of the liver and the end-stage liver disease. This study aimed to develop the sequencing-based typing (SBT) assay for all fourteen functional KIR frame genes and investigate the potential susceptible and protective factors for the AR in liver transplantation by SBT for HLA-C locus and KIR family genes. We compare the the frequecies of "donor HLA-C and receipt KIR compound profile" of AR group with the non-AR group and also the unrelated healthy control with an aim to establish the permissive and non-permissive HLA-C-KIR compound profiles, these profiles confirmed by the subsequent NK-cell cytotoxicity assay, will be able to provide valuable information in the personalized immunosuppressive therapy for future liver transplantation.