密闭环境微量有害气体非再生型吸附材料设计制备与构效关系研究

非再生型吸附后接再生型吸附是净化潜艇和地下阵地等密闭环境微量有害气体的最有效方法。针对密闭环境的萘和3-甲基吲哚等大分子有机组分，以及NH3和H2S等极性无机组分的非再生吸附净化需求，本项目致力于吸附选择性强、吸附容量大、吸附速率高和耐湿性好的有序介孔炭质吸附材料研究。借助计算机模拟，进行吸附材料孔结构设计；采用模板法制备技术，借助碳源、模板剂和去模板策略的优化，精准调控吸附材料的孔结构，从而制备出可净化大分子有机组分的有序介孔炭质吸附材料。同时，借助模板法制备工艺优化和后期表面改性，使有序介孔炭质吸附材料兼具净化极性无机组分的能力。然后，开展吸附材料表面物化性质表征和吸附性能评价研究。最后，全面分析吸附材料制备工艺、表面物化性质和吸附性能，关联三者的关系，明确影响吸附性能的关键因素和优化吸附材料制备工艺的策略，为实现非再生型吸附材料在密闭环境微量有害气体净化中的应用奠定基础。

The series combination of non-regenerable absorption and regenerable adsorption is the most effective method to purify the trace harmful gaseous components in the closed space environment, such as submarine, underground battlefield and so on. Paying attention to the requirement of non-generable adsorption purification of the organic components with a large molecular size (naphthalene and 3-methylindole) and the inorganic components with chemical polarity (NH3 and H2S), this project is dedicated to develop the ordered mesoporous carbonaceous adsorbents with excellent adsorption selectivity, large adsorption capacity, high adsorption rate and good moisture resistance. A series of ordered mesoporous carbonaceous adsorbents, aimed at purifying the trace organic components, will be prepared by the template method. The pore structure will be designed with the help of computer simulation, be precisely regulated and controlled by optimizing the suitable carbon sources, templating agents and template removal strategy. Meantime, the template preparation process optimization and surface modification of the ordered mesoporous carbonaceous adsorbents will be done to make them possess the ability to purify the trace inorganic components, too. On this basis, the characteristic analysis and adsorption performance evaluation will be carried out. Finally, the preparation processes, physiochemical characteristics and adsorption performance of the ordered mesoporous carbonaceous adsorbents will be completely and adequately analyzed and their inherent relationship, thus, will be established. The key factors and tendency of affecting the adsorption performance, as well as the strategy of optimizing the adsorbent preparation processes will be made clear. In this way, a solid foundation, applying the non-regenerable adsorbents in the purification of the trace harmful gaseous components in the closed space environment will be established.