石莼绿潮对造礁石珊瑚影响的生理与生态学机制研究

中国近海赤潮、绿潮、水母旺发等灾害性生态异常频发，为近海生态安全敲响了警钟。在三亚湾珊瑚礁区，我们于2013年首次记录到了石莼绿潮爆发，其入侵机制及其对珊瑚礁生态系统的影响还知之甚少。本项目通过石纯爆发期间的重点研究、珊瑚群体标记的长期跟踪研究和室内模拟实验证实的研究思路，运用丹麦Unisense无创伤微电极技术和德国Diving-PAM检测不同污染梯度下珊瑚与海藻边界层微环境（物理和化学）变化与珊瑚的生理功能，运用分子生物学技术检测边界层共附生微生物组成变化，探讨石纯绿潮在爆发过程中是如何改变边界层的物理和化学环境，影响边界层的物质流通和造礁石珊瑚的生理功能；结合添加抗生素实验，揭示微生物活动在引起珊瑚组织缺氧和窒息死亡过程中所起的作用；阐明石纯生长对造礁石珊瑚影响的主要生理与生态学机制。研究结果有助于提高认识近岸海洋环境污染的生态学危害，为近岸珊瑚礁及海洋环境管理提供科学研究依据。

Ecological disasters such as red tides, green tides, jellyfish blooms occur frequently and abnormal around coastal waters in China, which raise the ecological/environmental issues in China. For the first time, we recorded Ulva green tides on coral reefs in Sanya Bay in 2013. However, the invasion mechanisms and effects on coral reef ecosystem are poorly understood. This project is designed by key studies during Ulva tides, an in situ long-term monitoring of environmental parameters and corals during Ulva green tides as well as manipulated experiments in controlled environment. The objectives are: (1) to detect micro-environment (physical and chemical) changes and physiological functions of corals in boundary layers between coral and Ulva along a pollution gradient by non-invasive microelectrode (Unisense, Denmark) and Diving-PAM (Germany); (2) to detect changes in the composition of epiphytic microorganisms of the boundary layers by molecular biology techniques; (3) to explore changes of the physical and chemical parameters of the boundary layers in the course of Ulva green tides and impacts on material circulation and physiological functions of coral reef in the boundary layer; (4) to reveal the roles of microbial activity in the course of coral tissue hypoxia and asphyxia by antibiotics experiments and (5) to clarify the major physiological and ecological mechanisms of Ulva green tides on coral reefs. The results will improve our understanding of the ecological hazards at coastal waters of China and provide scientific knowledge to improve the management on inshore coral reefs.