我国热区重要栽培作物及周边野生植物的病毒组学研究

长期以来，由于传统病毒检测技术发展缓慢，检测对象植物的种类有限，极大地影响了我们对植物病毒多样性全面、系统的认识，制约了植物病毒病原学及生态学等学科的发展。高通量测序技术的诞生和病毒宏基因组学研究方法的建立，开启了快速、精准、高通量检测病毒（群落）的新纪元，为植物病毒的病原学和流行学研究提供了新的解决方案，为大数据时代的植物病毒生态学研究提供了新思路。因此，本研究以基于高通量测序的宏基因组学方法为主要研究手段，以我国热区几种主要栽培作物及周边野生植物/杂草群体为研究材料，以挖掘热区植物病毒的多样性为基本任务，重点进行几种重要经济作物中病毒性病原及新病毒的鉴定；在生态系统水平，解析并比较栽培作物与周边野生植物/杂草中病毒群落的组成及差异，探索病毒在栽培作物和野生植物中的传播交换情况，监测、预警流行病毒病害的发生；比较不同生态条件下植物病毒群落组成差异，探索性推测影响植物病毒群落组成的因子。

In the past few decades, the biased plant virology studies towards important crops and the limitation of traditional detection technology causing a biased understanding of plant virus diversity, which in turn restricted the development of plant virus etiology and ecology. The advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology and the establishment of viral metagenomics (Viromics) methods have opened a new era of rapid, accurate, and high-throughput detection of viruses (communities). The new sequencing technology provides new solutions for plant virus etiology and epidemiology and new perspectives for plant virus ecology studies in the era of sequencing. Therefore, this study uses the metagenomics method based on high-throughput sequencing as the main research method, and uses several major cultivated crops and surrounding wild plants/weed populations in the tropical areas in China as the research materials to explore the plant virus diversity, to identify the viral pathogens in some important cultivated crops, to characterize new viruses, and to analyze and compare at the ecosystem level virus communities in cultivated crops and surrounding wild plants/weeds. Studying the transmission and exchange of viruses in cultivated crops and wild plants provides early warning of the occurrence of epidemic virus diseases. Comparing the differences of virus community diversity and composition under different ecological conditions will help to predict the possible factors affecting the composition of plant virus communities.