肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤复发和转移的关键。肿瘤免疫逃逸是制约肿瘤免疫治疗疗效提高的主要因素之一。本课题以申请者前期建立的人新鲜肾癌组织NOD/SCID IL-2rg-/-(NSG)小鼠移植瘤为基础，结合临床、体外和动物实验，采用ALDEFLUOR染色的方法分离和鉴定人肾癌干细胞。基于前期研究发现肾癌组织Tc17细胞水平与ALDH1阳性细胞和髓系来源的抑制性细胞比例呈正相关，进一步探讨Tc17细胞促进ALDH1阳性肾癌干细胞募集髓系来源的抑制性细胞诱导免疫逃逸的机制,以揭示肾癌干细胞在肾癌发生、发展、转移、复发及免疫逃逸中发挥的关键作用，为靶向肾癌干细胞的肿瘤免疫治疗提供新的理论基础和靶点。

Cancer stem cells（CSCs）have been shown to play an important role in tumor recurrence and metastases. Immune escape is one of the critical hurdles that impede effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. The study was based on success of directly xenografting human kidney tumors into NOD/SCID IL-2rg-/- mice subcutaneously. In combination of taking experiments in vitro and in vivo, we were trying to isolate and identify CSCs of human renal cell carcinoma using ALDEFLUOR staining assay in order to reveal the key roles that CSCs played in the initiation, progression, metastases and recurrence of human renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore,based on our previous finding that tumor-infiltrating Tc17 cells was positively correlated with the frequency of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 positive human renal cell carcinoma stem cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells ,we sought to explore mechanisms of Tc17 cells enhancing recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 positive human renal cell carcinoma stem cells to promote immune evasion so as to find new targets of cancer immunotherapy targeted on CSCs of human renal cell carcinoma.