花岗岩型铀尾矿区优势植物五节芒对铀和镭的响应

防治铀矿山环境放射性污染的形势十分严峻，铀和镭是主要污染物。野外工作发现五节芒能在铀尾矿上形成单一的优势种群，初步研究表明五节芒能富集U和Ra。为了进一步揭示五节芒在铀尾矿形成优势植物的原因，以及U和Ra在尾矿/土壤--植物界面的迁移和富集规律，选择五节芒对U和Ra的生理生态响应开展研究。通过野外采样和室内栽培试验，研究铀尾矿/土壤和植物不同器官中U和Ra含量特征，以及不同种植条件下U和Ra对五节芒主要生理生态指标的影响，以此探索五节芒对U和Ra的最大耐受量和耐受差异性。厘清U和Ra在铀尾矿/土壤--植物界面的迁移和富集规律，确定影响五节芒对U和Ra生理生态响应的主要指标；揭示铀尾矿区五节芒形成优势种群的主要作用机制。为应用五节芒稳定铀尾矿/废矿同时富集U和Ra，防治铀矿山污染提供科学依据。

Prevention and control of environmental radioactive contamination is very serious in the uranium mines, especially uranium and radium are the main pollutants. Miscanthus floridulus has also formed the dominant species in the uranium tailings on the field work, preliminary studies indicate that it can be enriched U and Ra. In order to further reveal the cause of Miscanthus floridulus can be formed superiority plants in the uranium tailings, and the migration and accumulation patterns at the interface of uranium tailings/soil-plant on U and Ra. So selection of study physiological-ecological response of Miscanthus floridulus on U and Ra. Through field sampling and indoor cultivation experiment, research on uranium tailings/soil and different organs of plants for U and Ra content characteristics, and the influence of physiological and ecological effect on U and Ra to Miscanthus floridulus in different planting,in order to explore the maximum tolerance and tolerance on U and Ra. To clarify the migration and accumulation patterns at the interface of uranium tailings/soil-plant on U and Ra, and determine the main response targets on the ecological response of Miscanthus floridulus on U and Ra,and reveal physiological mechanism of Miscanthus floridulus can be formed superiority plants in the uranium tailings. In order to apply Miscanthus floridulus to stabilize uranium tailings/waste mine and enrich U and Ra, and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of pollution for uranium mines.