一种新型DNA存储技术研究

互联网时代知识与数据呈现爆炸式增长态势，现有硬盘等数据存储模式存在保存时间有限，占用空间大、电能损耗大等缺点，可能无法满足未来数据指数增长需求。“DNA存储技术”是一种新兴的大数据存储技术，其利用DNA碱基天然信息存储能力，人工合成特定序列DNA实现数据存储/读取，具有数据密度高、保存时间长、能耗低等优点。但十分昂贵的缺点限制其实际应用，其每个文件均需合成存储用DNA，无法重复利用，类似“雕版印刷”。有鉴于此，本研究效法“活字印刷”逻辑思想开发一种全新“DNA活字”信息存储技术，将DNA序列与存储信息元素（字符、像素点等）一一对应，构建可自由调取、重复利用的“DNA活字”单元，辅以“索引信息”，实现文字、图片等数据信息与“四进制”碱基信息直接相互转码存储和精准解读。该技术有望大大降低DNA存储成本，切实推动其实际应用，更好适应信息时代数据知识爆炸式增长需求，并反过来促进大数据知识经济发展。

In the era of internet, knowledge and data show an explosive growth trend. The present data storage technologies (such as hard disk) have some disadvantages, including limited storage time, large space occupation and high energy consumption, which may not be able to meet the requirements for exploding data in the future. "DNA data storage” technology is a new big data storage technology. Taking advantage of data storage ability of four kinds of DNA bases, it achieves the data storage in the synthetic DNAs with specific sequences. It has the advantages of high data storage density, long storage time, low energy consumption, and so on. However, the very expensive cost limits its practical application: each file needs to be stored in a series of synthetic DNAs that cannot be reused, which is similar to the logic of "engraving printing". To overcome the disadvantage, we develop a new "DNA movable type storage” technology based on “movable type printing”, which is planned to achieve the effective coding and decoding between multiple data expression elements (text, image, audio, etc) and corresponding “DNA movable type units”. The "DNA movable type storage” system contains “DNA movable type library” and “index information library”, data coding/decoding system and related experiments. This technology is expected to greatly reduce the cost and accelerate the pace of practical application in DNA data storage, which may increase the adaptive ability for the explosive growth of data and knowledge in the information age, and in turn promote the development of big data and knowledge economy in the future.