家族企业生存环境、非市场要素与代际传承模式——基于内蒙古自治区家族企业样本的研究

家族企业代际传承的本质是要素的传承，尤其是那些无法通过市场制度顺利实现转移的非市场要素，如企业家精神、个人权威、默会知识、社会资本等，构成了传承的主要障碍。本研究认为，家族企业的生存环境是其核心非市场要素的重要决定因素，它应该成为家族企业代际传承研究的起点；同时家族企业的非市场要素也并不是直接作用于其传承过程和方式，中间还会影响家族企业在位者的培养意识和接班人的继承意愿，这两点同样会对代际传承发挥重要影响。本研究试图以内蒙古自治区处于代际传承中的典型家族企业为案例分析和实地调研的对象，建立并验证这样一条逻辑路径：“家族企业生存环境——核心非市场要素——在位者培养意识、接班人继承意愿——代际传承过程和方式”，在此基础上提出我们关于家族企业代际传承机制优化的可操作性建议。本研究结果既可以夯实现有家族企业代际传承研究的理论基础，又可以为内蒙古自治区乃至全国家族企业的传承过程提供建议和指导。

The essence of family business inter-generation succession is the transition of firm’s key factors, especially those who cannot be transferred through the market system smoothly, such as entrepreneurship, personal authority, tacit knowledge and social capital. We call these factors non-market factors, which constitutes the main obstacle of succession. This study argues that family enterprise’s survival environment is an important determinants of its non-market factors, and it should be the starting point of research on family enterprise’s inter-generational succession. At the same time, the non-market factors of family businesses is not directly impact on inter-generational succession process, in the middle which can affect the incumbent entrepreneurs’ training intention towards successors and the succession willingness of successors. Then both these two behavioral factors influence on the succession process eventually. Based on the samples of typical family firm in inter-generational succession from Inner Mongolia of China, This research attempts to the establish and verify a logical path like this: "family enterprise’s survival environment determine its key non-market factors; key non-market factors influence incumbent’s training intention and successor willingness of succession; incumbent’s training intention and successor willingness of succession impact on the process of inter-generational succession”. Our research results can not only strengthen the theoretical foundation of existing research on family enterprise’s inter-generational succession, but also can provide scientific and operable optimization suggestions for people involved in inter-generational succession.