利用牙齿发育规律推断未成年人生活年龄是法医牙科学的重要研究内容。基因是影响牙齿发育速度的最重要因素，但现有的牙龄鉴定方法并没有纳入遗传因素，导致经常出现推断出的牙龄与生活年龄之间相差较大的情况。本研究拟通过文献调研及混池样本高通量测序的方法筛选可显著影响恒、乳牙发育速度的单核苷酸多态性；利用混池DNA样本的焦磷酸测序验证筛选结果，进一步遴选与乳牙和恒牙发育速度密切相关的基因座；基于筛选结果，利用SBE法建立包含多个单核苷酸多态性的荧光复合检测体系；运用Bayes逐步判别分析法，结合单核苷酸多态性分型结果和Moorrees、Demirjian及恒、乳牙萌出法建立新的法医牙龄鉴定方法；通过对大量样本的调查，检验新方法在法医实践中的有效性。本项目的完成将为未成年人的年龄精准推断提供新的思路，为遗传因素在法医牙科学和法医人类学中的应用提供理论支持。

Estimating the age of adolescents according to the rules of teeth development is important in forensic odontology. The development rate of teeth is main affected by genetic factors. However, there are few studies including the genetic factors in the determination of dental age, which sometimes leads to a significant difference between dental age and chronological age. This study aims to select the loci associated with the development rate of the teeth by researching other related studies and massively parallel sequencing pooling method. The pyrosequencing of DNA sample pooling will be used to test the selection results and further select more related loci. After selecting the loci, a fluorescent multiplex detection system of multiple gene polymorphism was established by the SBE method. By applying Bayes stepwise discrimination analysis and combining the genetic analysis results with the commonly used dental age determination method (Moorrees, Demirjian and dental eruption methods), a new forensic dental age determination method will be created. Finally, a large number of samples were used to test the effectiveness of this new method. This project will provide a new methodology for accurately determining the dental age, and provide theoretical support for the application of genetic factors in forensic odontology and forensic anthropology.