人类如何应对全球气候变化并实现可持续发展是当今国际社会共同关注的热点问题。选择关键区域，针对地质历史时期“典型事件”开展早期人类活动及环境适应研究成为重要的突破口。全新世中晚期，早期作物全球化过程促进了东西亚不同农业系统的快速交流与发展，提供了先民成功适应气候环境变化的重要例证。中国西北干旱区位于古代丝绸之路的核心地段，是史前农作物传播与扩散的重要通道，保存了丰富的考古文化遗存，是探讨早期农业活动传播及人类适应干旱气候环境的理想区域。本课题拟选取中国西北干旱区最近5000年以来的考古遗址，基于木材与木炭记录的系统分析，结合AMS14C测年，重建研究区绿洲生态环境以及早期作物全球化过程的环境背景。同时，聚焦果树类遗存分析，揭示西北干旱区史前果树类型和演替，以及东西亚果树的传播和交流，探讨人类适应干旱气候环境的方式和策略以及影响强度，为预测和评估未来气候变化背景下人类适应和影响提供科学依据。

How humans respond to global climate change and achieve sustainable development is a hot issue of common concern to the international community today. Selecting critical areas, and exploring human activity and environmental adaptation based on "typical events" in ancient times have been regarded as an answer to this issue. In the middle and late Holocene, the early crop globalization promoted the rapid exchange and development of different agricultural systems in East and West Asia, and provided an important example of the successful adaptation of ancient groups to climate and environmental changes. The Northwest China is located in the core area of the ancient Silk Road and also the important bridge for the spread of early crops. In this area, plenty of archaeological sites are discovered and well-preserved due to arid climatic conditions, making it an ideal place for exploring early agricultural activities and human adaptation to the arid climate environment. This project intends to select archeological sites over the past 5000 years in Northwest China, based on the systematic analysis of wood and charcoal records, combined with AMS14C dating, to reconstruct the oasis ecological environment in the study area and the environmental background of the early crop globalization. Meanwhile, focusing on fruit remains, we aim to reveal the diversities and succession of prehistoric fruit trees, and the spread and exchange of economic fruit trees between East and West Asia. At last, by exploring the ways of ancient societies adaptation to and the intensity of their impact on arid environment, scientific basis will be provided for the prediction and evaluation of human adaptation in the context of climate change in the future.