光遗传学技术作为2010年nature method杂志的年度生命科学技术，已经成为神经环路及行为研究的主要技术之一，并有可能为神经系统疾病提供有效的治疗手段。然而，目前的光遗传学技术都是采用光纤以损伤性的方式插入大脑中，并且插入过程缺乏高精度图像的指导。本项目在我们前期发展的大深度无创光学显微术的基础上，提出了新型可视化无创光遗传学技术，采用光学相干门定位、自适应光场补偿等手段，研制具有自主知识产权的带高分辨光学图像引导精准的无创的光刺激系统，并开展相关的生物医学研究。本项目的实施将首次实现高分辨光学图像引导的无创光刺激技术，显著提高光遗传技术的可靠性及未来成为精神疾病治疗手段的可行性，同时也为大深度无创光学显微技术提供一种全新的思路。

Optogenetics, named as “method of the year” by Nature Methods in 2010, has already become one of the key technologies of neural circuits and behavior studies, and may provide an effective treatment for nervous system diseases. However, current optogenetic technologies all adopt optical fibers to insert the brain invasively, moreover, lack guidance of high-resolution image during the insertion. Based on our previous research about non-invasive deep tissue imaging, this project proposes a high-resolution optical image-guided non-invasive optogenetic technique with independent intellectual property rights by using coherent gating, adaptive optics and so on, and then conducts several related biomedical research. The implementation and accomplishment of the project will realize high-resolution image-guided non-invasive optical stimulation for the first time. It will not only significantly improve the reliability of optogenetic technologies and the feasibility of becoming prospective treatment for mental diseases, but also provide a new concept for non-invasive deep tissue optical imaging.