中华按蚊物理图谱的构建与进化分析

高分辨率染色体图谱是种下分类的必要手段，也是物理图谱构建和比较基因组学研究的基础。国外重要按蚊冈比亚按蚊（Anopheles gambiae）全基因组序列的发表有力推动了按蚊（Anopheles）比较基因作图的研究，但我国重要疟疾媒介中华按蚊（An. sinensis）还缺乏相关资料，制约着其理论和应用研究的深入。因此本项目拟构建一幅中华按蚊高分辨率染色体图谱；然后通过将保守cDNA克隆原位杂交到染色体上构建一幅分辨率为2Mb的物理图谱；同时通过比较分析cDNA克隆在中华按蚊和冈比亚按蚊染色体上的排列顺序，阐明两个物种间基因的同线性和基因顺序的共线性。研究结果不仅能深化按蚊分子进化和传疟机制的认识，还可以为探索我国不同地理区域中华按蚊生态习性和传疟能力差异的遗传因素打下基础，为我国灭蚊工作制定因种制宜防治措施。

Constructing a high-resolution photomap of polytene chromosomes is a useful tool to identify closely -related species, species with a complex as well as different strains collected from individual areas, and is also a necessary step toward constructing a physical map and comparative genomic analysis. The availability of Anopheles gambiae has accelerated research to develop comparative genome maps in malaria mosquitoes. The objectives of this proposal are to develop a high-resolution cytogenetic map for An. sinensis, an important Chinese malaria vector; to construct a physical map with resolution of about 2Mb for this species by hybridizing 112 conserved cDNA clones from An. gambiae onto the chromosomes. Meanwhile, the cDNA orders in the genomes of An. sinensis and An. gambiae will be compared to determine the whole arm translocation between lineages and chromosomal inversion rates on five chromosomal arms. This research not only will shed light on the chromosomal evolution in malaria mosquitoes, but also will provide a chromosomal map and physical map for An. sinensis. These maps will help to illustrate the genetic variations among field strains obtained from different Chinese areas, and can be a powerful tool for genome sequence assembly of An. sinensis in the future.