社会性蜘蛛胫毛穹蛛（Stegodyphus tibialis）个性对合作行为适应性的影响

Animal personality describes consistently expressed behavioral differences among individuals of the same species. It can not only wield influence on individual adaptability but also can profoundly affect the structure and function of social groups. The study on the relationship between personality and cooperative behavior has become a hot field and developed quickly in recent years. However, as a new research field, empirical cases of which are still very rare and fragmentary; and the research methods often ignores the genetic basis; the theoretical framework also needs to be improved, for example, the group adaption of personality needs to be further explored..In this study, we plan to use the social spider Stegodyphus tibialis to: i) measure its boldness, aggressiveness, exploration and sociality, and clarify the personality structure and genetic basis of this spider; ii) by constructing experimental groups with different personalities compositions and set a series of prey size, a main factor that affects the level of cooperation of social spiders, to study the influence of individual's personality on the division of labor in cooperative foraging, and to explore the social mechanism for the existence and maintenance of personality variation; iii) by evaluating the individual fitness and the group fitness of corresponding personalities under specific ecological pressure, we try to explain the influence of the group personality composition on the individual and the group fitness, and then explore the group adaptation mechanism of the personality and the evolutionary origin of cooperation..The implementation of this project can not only enrich and develop the relevant theories of behavioral ecology and sociobiology, but also provide important theory reference for the making of the bio-diversity protection policies and even for the harmonious development of human society.

动物个性指同种个体间稳定表达的行为差异，它不但关系到个体适应性还深刻影响着社会群体的结构与功能。近年来个性与合作行为间关系的研究逐渐成为热点研究领域。但作为新兴领域此类研究实证案例仍较少，研究方法也经常忽视遗传基础，相应的理论框架仍需完善，如个性的群体适应性仍需要被深入探讨。.本项目拟以社会性蜘蛛胫毛穹蛛为研究对象，测量其勇敢性、攻击性、探索性与社交性，阐明胫毛穹蛛个性结构与遗传基础；构建拥有不同个性成分的实验群体并调节影响蜘蛛社会性的主要生态压力——捕猎难度，来探究个性对个体在合作捕猎中分工的影响，探讨个性存在与维持的社会机制；评价不同生态压力下个性对个体与群体适合度的影响，阐释“群体个性构成”对个体和群体适应性的影响，探索个性的社会适应机制与合作的起源与进化。.该项目的实施，不仅可以丰富和发展行为生态学与社会生物学相关理论，还能够为动物保护政策制定乃至社会和谐发展提供重要理论参考。

合作行为长期以来一直是进化生物学与行为生态学等领域的研究热点与研究前沿。近年来个性与合作行为间关系的研究逐渐成为新兴研究领域。本项目以一种典型的社会性蜘蛛胫毛穹蛛作为研究对象，通过野外调查与实验室人工种群构建，对它们的合作行为进行了初步的研究，探讨动物个性如何介导社会群体的维持与调节，并最终影响合作的适应性。2020-2022年三年间成功建立了胫毛穹蛛的实验室种群，对其栖息地、生活史、个性、社会结构以及其适应性进行了观测与实验。研究表明，胫毛穹蛛是一种较为典型的亚社会性蜘蛛，在野外呈现典型的族群聚集，栖息地狭窄且片段化的情况。胫毛穹蛛在攻击性、勇敢性等个性维度存在显著的重复力，群体内个体的攻击性水平与社会群体大小呈负相关性，但是群体内个体攻击性水平差异越大群体大小越大。此外群体内个体的社会性构成也会影响胫毛穹蛛个体攻击性的表达与存活率。因此项目工作表明，胫毛穹蛛个性与其社会结构密切相关，且可能影响其个体与群体适合度。

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