4.2 ka BP气候突变背景下的陕北地区先民生计策略演变与早期国家兴起

公元前三千纪是中华文明起源的关键时期，也是全球气候变化的剧烈时期。4.2 ka BP气候突变事件导致了不少考古学文化走向衰亡；然而在生态脆弱的陕北榆林地区，考古学文化不仅没有走入低谷，反而社会复杂化加速，发展为早期国家。在此过程中，先民生计策略是如何发挥作用？这一时期的生业一直以粟作农业为主，而动物资源的获取发生了较大变化，以牛羊为特征的牧业逐渐成为主流渠道。但是，先民消费动物蛋白的种类、摄取程度和在不同聚落之间的差异仍不清楚。鉴于此，本项目拟以陕北地区5.0-4.0 ka BP不同时期出土的陶片、人骨和动物骨头为研究对象，开展陶器有机残留物的理化分析，以及骨骼碳氮稳定同位素分析，揭示动植物资源利用和人类适应环境的更多细节，尤其是奶制品的引入时间和利用强度；综合上述工作，以及已有的动植物考古研究成果，并与气候变化研究成果对比，从生计策略演变的视角来探究气候恶化背景下早期国家形成的机制。

The third millennia BC is the key period of the origin of Chinese civilization, and also the chaotic stage of global climate change, specially the 4.2 ka BP climatic event had led many archaeological culture to decline. However, in the ecologically fragile Yulin area of Northern Shaanxi Region, not only did the archaeological culture not go to collapse, but the social complexity speed up and the culture finally evolved into the early state. What role did the subsistence strategy of ancient people play during this process? In the third millennia BC, millet agriculture was always being practiced, but the acquirement of animal resource had changed greatly, and the herding husbandry including cattle, sheep and goats gradually became the mainstream. However, the nature, intake level and the variance among different settlements of animal proteins consumed by ancient people remain unclear. In view of this, this project will carry out organic residue analysis or isotope analysis for pottery shards, animal and human bones found in northern Shaanxi Region during 5.0-4.0 ka BP, disclose more details about animal/plant exploitation and human adaptation for the environment, specially the introduction time and exploitation intensity of dairy products. Integrating these results with the published zooarchaeology and archaebotany research, also in comparison with the research of climatic change, this project will explore the formation mechanism of the early state through the perspective of subsistence strategy evolution under the deteriorating climate context.