更新世晚期到全新世早期是人类演化的重要阶段。随着人类生产生活方式的改变，人类体质发生了显著变化。在华南，更新世晚期到全新世早期是人类石器技术演化的重要阶段，该地区经历了旧石器时代到新石器时代的转化过程。虽然华南发现了较多的人类活动遗址，但是同时保存旧石器时代晚期和新石器时代早期人类化石的遗址较少，限制了我们对这个时期人类演化和新旧石器转换对人类体质影响的探索。独山洞遗址是广西发现的一处重要的旧石器时代晚期到新石器时代早期的人类活动遗址。该遗址中发现了较多旧石器时代晚期和新石器时代早期的人类牙齿化石，为我们研究华南旧石器时代晚期到新石器时代早期人类演化提供了难得的材料。本项目将分析和对比该遗址发现的旧石器时代晚期和新石器时代早期人类牙齿化石的大小，外部（釉质面）和内部（牙本质面）形态结构特征，探索华南旧石器时代晚期人类和新石器早期人类之间的演化关系和新旧石器转换对人类体质的影响。

The late Pleistocene-early Holocene period was an important stage for human evolution. The physical characteristics of the human condition underwent considerable changes with variations in human economic behavior and subsistence strategies. In southern China, the important human lithic technology evolution, the late Paleolithic and early Neolithic transition, occurred during the late Pleistocene to early Holocene period. Although there are some human activity sites in southern China, no site is found to preserve both the Paleolithic and the Neolithic Age human fossils. This situation limits our explorations of the human evolution during the late Paleolithic and early Neolithic transition and the impact of this lithic technology evolution on the physical characteristics of the human condition. The Dushan Cave site of Guangxi Province is an important human activity site during the late Paleolithic and early Neolithic transition in southern China. Both the late Paleolithic and early Neolithic Age human teeth fossils are preserved in this site. These human teeth fossils provide a rare opportunity for our explorations of the human evolution during the late Paleolithic and early Neolithic period and the impact of the lithic technology evolution on the physical characteristics of the human teeth. We will analyse and compare the sizes, morphological characteristics of the enamel and the enamel-dentine junction surfaces and roots of the human teeth fossils from the late Paleolithic and early Neolithic period to explore the human evolution during this period and the impact of the lithic technology innovation on the physical characteristics of the human teeth.