基于烷基单分子层筛分捕获机制的纳米塑料电化学传感研究

微纳塑料是一种新型环境污染物，尤其是粒径小、生物利用度高、易穿透细胞膜的纳米塑料对生态环境危害更大。开发高效、准确且能现场检测纳米塑料分析方法是环境风险评估、人类健康保障的迫切需求。振动光谱和质谱技术是该污染物分析的热点方法，但其发展瓶颈限制了其快速检测应用潜力。因此，项目将进行基于可控烷基单分子层对纳米塑料粒径筛分与捕获机制的电化学检测技术研究，拟通过烷基链长选择及烷基单分子层有序性、致密度的调控建立传感机制；研究烷基单分子层与纳米塑料亲和作用的热力学和动力学规律，调控烷基链端位官能团或碳基表面原位合成策略锚定信号分子，设计间接电信号传导机制，耦合形成多传感模式的电化学分析方法；集成微电极系统搭建微型化纳米塑料电化学传感装置，结合有机质快速去除技术，实现高灵敏、高分辨率现场监测。该项目将建立非电活性纳米塑料电化学检测机制，推动纳米塑料分析技术新分支形成，为交叉融合新方法开发提供理论指导。

Micro/nanoplastics are a new type of environmental pollutant, especially nanoplastics with small particle size, high bioavailability, and easy penetration of cell membranes are extremely harmful to the ecological environment. The development of efficient, accurate and on-site detection of nanoplastic analysis methods is an urgent need for environmental risk assessment and human health protection. Vibrational spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques are commonly used methods for the analysis of this pollutant, but their development bottlenecks limit the potential for rapid detection applications. Therefore, the project will conduct research on electrochemical detection technology based on the mechanism of controllable alkyl monolayer sieving and capturing nanoplastics. It is proposed to establish a sensing mechanism through the selection of alkyl chain length and the regulation of the order and density of the alkyl monolayer. Research the thermodynamics and kinetics of the affinity between alkyl monolayers and nanoplastics, and regulate the functional groups at the end of alkyl chains or the in-situ synthesis strategy of carbon-based surface to anchor signal molecules. Design an indirect electrical signal conduction mechanism and couple the electrochemical analysis method to form a multi-sensing mode. The integrated microelectrode system builds a miniaturized nanoplastic electrochemical sensor device, combined with rapid organic matter removal technology, to achieve high-sensitivity and high-resolution on-site monitoring. The project will establish an electrochemical detection mechanism for non-electroactive nanoplastics, promote the formation of new branches of nanoplastic analysis technology, and provide theoretical guidance for the development of new methods of cross-fusion.