模型高敏性电网无功电压时空动态特性与多维趋优控制研究

含超/特高压的复杂大电网因其无功损耗计算对参数误差存在模型高敏性，直接采用全网无功优化控制会因无功误差累积效应导致控制失效。本项目研究不依赖于全电网精确潮流模型的无功电压多维趋优控制理论，主要内容包括：复杂大电网的模型高敏性和无功电压时空动态特性，无功电压多维趋优控制理论体系，厂站趋优控制特征参数区间的优化模型与算法，以及厂/站协调的博弈机理与多维趋优控制策略。基本思路是，将自动电压控制按时间、空间和目标三个维度分解为站控制、厂控制和厂/站协调控制；通过将大电网解耦为细粒度控制单元，并对各单元以特征参数及其区间宽度为控制变量进行无功优化，从而避免模型高敏性导致控制趋劣的问题；基于电网无功电压时空动态特性来制订各维度的趋优控制策略和动态触发判据；结合博弈论纳什均衡分析方法来制定协调控制策略，建立系统的多维趋优控制方法。所提方法体系对保障大电网的电压安全性、可靠性与运行经济性具有重大意义。

Hypersensitivity of model is a characteristics of power flow computation of complicated EHV/UHV power grids as the reactive power losses is very sensitive to the errors of parameters. The optimal reactive power control of whole grids may failure due to the cumulative effect of reactive power errors. This project aims to present a Multidimensional Optimizing Reactive Power and Voltage Control (MORPVC) theory which does not depend on the accurate model of the whole grids' power flow. The main contents include: Hypersensitivity of model and spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of reactive power and voltage of complicated EHV/UHV power grids, theoretical system of multidimensional optimizing reactive power and voltage control, the optimization model and algorithm of characteristic parameters intervals of optimizing control of power plants and substations, the Game mechanism of power plants and substations coordination and the control strategies of MORPVC. It's the basic idea of this project can be expressed as follows, (1) automatic voltage control (AVC) is decomposed into substation control, power plant control and plant/substation coordinated control according to three dimensions of time, space, and target; (2) the large power grid is decoupled for fine-grained control units that each characteristic parameters and their interval widths used as the control variables in reactive power optimization, which can avoid control failure due to its hypersensitivity of model; (3) multidimensional control strategies and dynamic triggering criterion of MORPVC will be developed based on spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of reactive power and voltage. (4) multidimensional optimization control method will be established according to the coordinated control strategy which developed by the method combining Game Theory and Nash Equilibrium analysis. The proposed methodology is of great significance to ensure the voltage security, the reliability and the operation economy of large power grids.