纳米尺度上精确调控P3HT/PCBM共混体系的相分离行为，调控P3HT分子链堆砌和PCBM聚集的有序性，获得稳定、微观结构有序的互穿网络纳米结构，是提高P3HT/PCBM太阳电池效率和稳定性的关键。本项目将具有苯环共轭结构的液晶小分子引入到含P3HT嵌段的硬-软嵌段共聚物的软段上，改善软段的导电性，合成液晶性嵌段共聚物，并将其作为增容剂调控P3HT/PCBM共混物微观形貌。该类增容剂的应用，不仅能够有效降低P3HT/PCBM间的界面张力，稳定两相界面，获得稳定的纳米尺度上的相分离，而且在液晶有序和微相分离的协同作用下，调控P3HT分子链堆砌及PCBM聚集的有序化，实现纳米尺度上对P3HT/PCBM本体异质结微观相分离行为、相内有序性的有效、精确地优化，建立微观结构与器件性能之间的关系，获得利于激子分离、载流子传输和有效收集的微观结构。结合器件优化，制备高效稳定的P3HT/PCBM太阳电池。

Precise control of the phase separation behavior on nanoscale and regulation of the order of P3HT molecular chains packing and PCBM aggregation within the P3HT/PCBM bulk-heterojunction active layers to obtain stable and ordered nanostructure with interpenetrating networks is the key to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of P3HT/PCBM bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. In this project, liquid-crystalline rod-coil block copolymers containing P3HT segments are rationally designed and synthesized by introduction of liquid crystal molecules with phenyl conjugated structure into the coil segments. The liquid-crystalline rod-coil block copolymers are then introduced into the P3HT/PCBM blends acting as compatibilizers. The application of liquid-crystalline block copolymers compatibilizer within P3HT/PCBM blends can effectively reduce interfacial tension, stabilize interfaces and obtain the nanoscale phase separation. Meanwhile, the introduction of liquid crystal molecules with phenyl conjugated structure into the coil segaments can improve the conductivity of insulated coil segments. More importantly, the liquid crystal ordering and block copolymer self-assembly can cooperatively mediate the microphase separation behavior and phase orderness on the nanometer scale within P3HT/PCBM BHJ for optimizing exciton dissociation, charge transportation and collection. Combination of optimized device structure and buffer layer materials, the P3HT/PCBM solar cells with high PCE and long-term stability are fabricated.