基于超分子组装体的多位点生物分子传感平台的构建及应用

生物活性小分子的高灵敏度和强选择性识别在疾病预防、早期诊疗方面具有重要意义。实现多结合位点生物分子的检测是分子识别领域的一个难点，设计该类探针不仅需要引入多个结合位点，还应考虑到探针结合位点与分析物之间的空间匹配性，通常合成难度较大，且具有不可预测性。超分子组装体可同时提供多个结合位点，组装单元之间空间排布易于调控，结合基团局部浓度较高，利于和多结合位点分析物结合并表现出优越的传感灵敏度和选择性。本项目拟设计含有硼酸基、醛基、巯基、正/负电荷以及氢键给/受体等功能位点的苝酰亚胺和花菁等染料分子，籍其组装体的形成-解离过程高灵敏高选择性地检测含多个结合位点的生物分子（如NADH、ATP、多巴胺、葡萄糖胺、谷胱甘肽等），并尝试将其应用于生物实际样品的分析检测中。超分子组装体作为一类目前广受关注的功能性材料，本项目期望为其应用给出新的思路，也为含有多个结合位点的生物小分子的识别提供新的研究途径。

Highly sensitive and selective recognition for biomolecules are of great significance for early diagnosis and treatment. It is a difficulty to realize the recognition of bioactive molecules with multi-binding sites, because the design of such probes requires not only the introduction of multiple binding sites, but also the spatial matching between probe binding sites and analytes. These probes also require cumbersome organic synthesis, and the recognition results are usually unpredictable. Supramolecular assemblies could provide multiple binding sites with regulatable spatial orientation simultaneously which are more suitable to bind with analytes. The higher local concentrations of binding sites in assemblies can enhance the affinity with analytes. Based on the above factors, assemblies could exhibit excellent sensitivity and selectivity to biomolecule recognition. This project intends to design perylene or cyanine dyes with functional groups, such as, boronic acid group, aldehyde group, mercapto group, positive/negative charges or hydrogen bond donor/acceptor. The association and dissociation processes of their assemblies could recognize biomolecules containing multi-binding sites (such as NADH, ATP, dopamine, glucosamine, glutathione, etc.) with high sensitivity and selectivity. We also try to apply them to the biological samples for actual analysis. Supramolecular assemblies act as a kind of functional materials that are currently attracting much attention, and this project is expected to provide new ideas for their applications and to provide a new approach for the identification of biomolecules containing multiple binding sites.