沉底油长期分布在海底难以被发现，对海水养殖、海洋生境等造成重大危害。沉底油的高频声学探测是当前国内外的研究热点，目前主要依赖于人工对海底声图像的判读，效率低、可靠性差。对沉底油声散射机理及特征提取等方面的薄弱研究，严重限制了高频声呐对海底沉底油的自动检测与判别能力。本项目针对当前国际上沉底油自动高效探测的迫切需求开展研究。首先，进行沉底油油样获取与典型参数测试分析，充分理解其物理属性；其次，开展沉底油声散射建模并结合试验数据处理，研究其高频声散射机理；第三，探索基于沉底油反向散射数据的多特征提取方法，为其自动检测提供可靠依据；最后，开展水池模拟试验及溢油事故现场试验研究，检验理论研究成果的有效性和实用性。本项目旨在攻克沉底油现场声学探测国际难题，成果将有效提升我国海洋环境监测能力，为国家海洋战略提供技术支撑，具有重要的理论与实际意义。

The sunken oil existing in the seabed for a long of time is difficulty to be discovered, it endanger the marine aquaculture and ecological environment. The high frequency acoustic detection of sunken oil is a hot research topic at home and abroad. However, the main research focus on the manual judge based on the acoustic images with the low efficiency and poor reliability. The acoustic scattering mechanism and the feature analysis of the sunken oil are rarely researched, which limit the ability of automatic detection and discrimination for sunken oil with high frequency sonar. Therefore, the research is aimed at the urgent need for automatic and efficient detection for sunken oil. Firstly, the acquisition of sunken oil samples and the type parameter analysis are taken. The typical physical properties of the sunken oil are well studied. Secondly, the acoustic scattering model of the sunken oil is build and combined with experimental data processing, to study the mechanics of high-frequency acoustic scattering. Thirdly, the research on the method of multi-feature extraction based on the backscattering data of the sunken oil is taken to achieve the sunken oil automatic detection. Finally, the tank simulation experiment and oil spill accident field experiment research are taken to evaluate the effectiveness and practicability of the method proposed. The research aims to overcome the international difficulties in the field acoustic detection of sunken oil. The research production has an important theoretical and practical significance to effectively improve national marine environmental monitoring capability and provide technical support for the national marine strategy.