尼龙6的阻燃性能和力学性能总是相互矛盾。本项目针对尼龙6的结构特点，设计了能够在加工、使用和燃烧时发生连环反应的磷酰胺阻燃剂，其中加工时发生酰胺交换反应将阻燃基团固定到分子链上，增加稳定性；使用时发生Diels-Alder反应实现扩链，增强力学性能；燃烧时多聚交联，提高成炭和阻燃性能；从而赋予其更好的综合性能。拟采用三氯氧磷为单体，含有氰基或呋喃环的胺作为取代单体，调节合成工艺制备磷酰胺。探索磷酰胺与尼龙6预反应工艺，控制酰胺交换程度，研究其对后续反应的影响；研究磷酰胺结构对扩链反应的影响，进而探索其对力学性能的贡献。探讨磷酰胺的结构、含量对尼龙6成炭效率、炭层质量及阻燃性能的影响，建立结构与阻燃性能的关系；探索磷酰胺对尼龙6分子量、结晶行为的影响，阐明其对综合性能的调控作用。全面分析得到的数据，阐明各阶段协同反应机理。本课题的研究结果将为智能型阻燃剂和阻燃材料的设计和制备提供一种新思路。

The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyamide 6 are contradictory. According to the structural characteristics of polyamide 6, a series of phosphamide flame retardants which can react with polyamide 6 during processing, use and combustion were designed in this project. The amide exchange reaction during processing fixes the flame retardant group on the polyamide 6 chain to increase its stability; Diels-Alder reaction is used to expand its chain and enhance the mechanical properties; Aromatization and cross-linking are promoted during combustion to improve the charring and flame retardancy; Thus, it can be endowed with better comprehensive performance. Phosphorus oxychloride is selected as monomer, and amine containing cyano group and furan ring as substituting monomer. They were used to prepare phosphamide by controlling the preparation process. The relationships between the structure and content of phosphamide and the charring efficiency, char layer quality and flame retardancy of polyaimde 6 were discussed, and the best compounding formulation will be found. The pre-reactions of phosphamide with polyaimde 6 were explored to control the degree of amide exchange, and its influence on the follow-up reactions was studied. The effects of the structure of phosphamide on chain extension reaction were studied, and its contribution to mechanical properties was explored. The effects of phosphamide on the molecular weight, rheology and crystallization behavior of polyaimde 6 were investigated, and the comprehensive properties of polyaimde 6 were investigated. The data obtained were comprehensively analyzed to clarify the reaction and synergistic mechanism of each stage. The results of this research will provide a new strategy for the design and preparation of smart flame retardant and related materials.