二维相互作用玻色量子气体的高分辨测量

光晶格可以被用来构筑阵列式的超冷原子量子比特，在基于大规模量子比特的量子计算研究方面展现出独特优势。本项目针对“第二代量子体系的构筑和操控”重大研究计划项目指南中“单量子态测量技术与方法”研究方向，对二维光晶格中的相互作用玻色量子气体发展单格点、单原子分辨的精密测量技术，研究可控相互作用下的玻色Hubbard模型。制备呈薄饼状的单层二维玻色量子气体，利用二维光晶格构筑超冷原子阵列，发展高分辨的显微成像技术，实现光晶格中单格点上单原子量子态的高分辨测量。利用高分辨的显微成像系统，研究不同相互作用下超冷原子的空间密度关联，获得超冷原子光晶格体系淬火到强相互作用后的非平衡动力学演化。通过本项目的实施，将为基于二维超冷原子阵列的量子计算研究奠定更为坚实的基础。

Optical lattice can be used to build the qubits of ultracold atoms in an array, and this shows unique advantages in the research of quantum computing based on large-scale qubits. This project aims at the research direction of the "measurement techniques and methods of single quantum state" in the guidance of the major research project of "construction and control of the second generation quantum system", develops the technology for the precision measurement of the single atom in the individual site for the interacting Bose quantum gases in the two-dimensional (2D) optical lattice, and studies the Bose-Hubbard model with the controllable interaction. This project will prepare a single layer of pancake-shaped 2D Bose quantum gases, construct the array of ultracold atoms using 2D optical lattice. The high-resolution measurement of the quantum state of single atom in the individual site in the optical lattice will be realized by developing the high-resolution microscope. The high-resolution microscopic imaging system will be used to study the spatial density correlation of ultracold atoms with the different interactions and to obtain the non-equilibrium dynamics evolution of the ultracold atoms in the optical lattice after quenching to the strong interaction. The implementation of this project will lay a more solid foundation for the research of quantum computing based on the 2D array of ultracold atoms.