基于耐寒植物超浸润特性的船舶甲板耦合仿生防雾/冰原理研究

水汽冷凝和海水飞溅均会造成寒冷地区船舶甲板形成覆冰，影响船舶航行稳性和承载能力，直接威胁到船舶和海洋平台的安全，船舶甲板防雾/冰是极地船舶制造等领域亟待解决的重大挑战。基于耐寒植物超浸润特性与仿生原理，本项目聚焦典型耐寒植物（如羽衣甘蓝和臭菘）防雾/冰特性研究，采用生物体表微观分析、模拟仿真和试验研究相结合等手段，开展典型耐寒植物超浸润特性、形态、结构和材料参数化表征与建模，探究耐寒植物体表形态、微观结构等多因素对防雾/冰性能的综合影响规律，揭示其主动防雾/冰机理与多因素协同作用机制，获得典型耐寒植物主动防雾/冰机理与仿生超浸润样件特征参数之间的对应关系，提出船舶甲板防雾/冰样件的耦合仿生设计原理与准则，进行多工艺制造仿生防雾/冰样件及性能测试和应用探索研究。为解决船舶甲板结/覆冰难题提供一种新思路，对仿生超浸润防雾/冰方法在船舶防除冰领域的推广具有重要理论意义和工程应用价值。

Vapor condensation and sea spray will cause ice formation on the ship deck in cold regions, which will affect the stability of the ship navigation and carrying capacity, and directly threaten the safety of ships and offshore platforms, anti-fogging/icing on ship deck is a major challenge to be solved in polar ship manufacturing and other fields. Based on superwettability and bionic principle, this project focusing research on the anti-fogging/icing characteristics for typical cold-resistant plants (such as kale and skunk cabbage), the parametric characterization and modeling of superwettability, morphology, structure and materials for typical cold-resistant plants will be carried out by using microscopic analysis, simulation and experimental research, the comprehensive influence of cold-resistant plant surface morphology, microstructure and other factors on anti-fogging/icing performance will be explored, its active anti-fogging/icing mechanism and multi-factor synergy mechanism will be revealed, and the corresponding relationship between the active anti-fogging/icing mechanism of typical cold-resistant plants and the characteristic parameters of bionic superwettability samples will be obtained, the coupling bionic design principle and criteria for ship deck anti-fogging/icing samples will be proposed, the bionic anti-fogging/icing samples will be fabricated by using multi-process, and its performance testing and application research will also be explored. This project provides a new idea for solving the problem of ship deck icing, which has important theoretical significance and engineering application value for the promotion of the bionic superwettability anti-fogging/icing method in the field of ship anti-icing.